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End of year science yr9 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for combustion?

😈😈😈😈

A

hydrocarbon+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water(+energy)

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2
Q

What is the symbol for a carbonate?

A

CO

3

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3
Q

What is the symbol for a sulphate?

A

SO

4

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4
Q

What is the symbol for a nitrate?

A

NO

3

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5
Q

What is the symbol for a chloride?

A

CI

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6
Q

What is the symbol for a dioxide?

A

CO

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7
Q

What are the three substances that must be present for combustion to occur?

A
  1. fuel
  2. heat
  3. oxygen
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8
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Thermal decomposition. A reaction in which a substance is broken down into at least two other substances by heat is called thermal decomposition. If limewater is shaken with a sample of the gas produced, the limewater turns milky. This shows that the gas is carbon dioxide

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9
Q

What is an example of a decomposition equation?

A

CuCO ——>CUO+CO
3 Heat 2

Copper carbonate—->copper oxide+carbon dioxide

In this reaction the color goes from green to black as copper carbonate is being heated strongly so the compound breaks into two and changes colour to black

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10
Q

What was the name of the man and the model that atoms were first described?

A

It is called the dalton model. And some of the key points go as follows:

  1. Everything on earth is made up of atoms
  2. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed and are the same for a given element
  3. Atoms combine in fixed proportions to form compounds
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11
Q

What are the three magnetic metals?

A
  1. Iron
  2. Nickel
  3. Cobalt
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12
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom

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13
Q

What are molecules in an element?

A

In an element with molecules the atoms are joined together, but there’s still only one type which makes them an element. An example of an element without molecules is sulfur and one with molecules could be oxygen ( as said in the symbol O2)

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14
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is molecules of different atoms that are chemically joined together

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15
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is a group of atoms that are mixed together but aren’t chemically joined like in a molecule (so they’re not a compound)

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16
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A chemical reaction involves chemicals (known as reactants) combining together or splitting apart to form one or more new substance (known as the products)

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17
Q

What happens when a compound is synthesised (made)?

A

Elements combine into molecules

18
Q

Are the new compounds produced in a chemical reaction the same reactants just combined together?

A

No, new compounds that are produced in a chemical reaction are always different from the original elements(reactants)

19
Q

What is a prime example of a new compound?

A

A prime example of a compound is when sulfur reacts with iron to form iron sulfide. Since iron is magnetic, it reacts with sulfur to make iron sulfide, a brand new substance that isn’t magnetic at all.

20
Q

What is the equation for the sulfur and iron reaction?

A

Word equation:Iron+sulfur—>Iron sulfide. heat

Symbol equation: Fe+S—->FeS
heat

21
Q

Can compounds be restored back?

A

Compounds can be split up back to their original elements, but it will take a lot of energy to do it. Also, when elements undergo a chemical reaction the products will always have a chemical formula

22
Q

How do you differ between an ide or an ate in compounds?

A

You usually see ‘ide’ on the end of a compound if two different elements combine.

23
Q

What happens if two identical elements combine?

A

It is not a compound, the name doesn’t even change apart from a small number at the side of the symbol signifying the extra atoms present

24
Q

What do you call a line of elements going vertically down on the periodic table?

A

A group

25
Q

How many groups are there on the periodic table?

A

7(8 if you include group zero which contains the noble gases).

26
Q

What do you call a group of elements along a horizontal line?

A

Periods

27
Q

How many periods are there on the periodic table?

A

Seven

28
Q

How do you work out how reactive the metals are?

A

The reactive metals (which are in group 1 and 2) get more reactive as you go down the groups. The metals in the middle of the table that don’t have groups are known as transition metals so aren’t at all reactive but they exist so therefore are named.

29
Q

How do you find out the reactivity of non metals?

A

The non metals in the periodic table (which are groups 3,4,5,6 and 7) get less reactive as you go down the groups ( so the opposite of the reactive metals). The noble gases are not reactive so they are not placed in order of reactivity.

30
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A
  1. Some metals are magnetic
  2. Metals conduct electricity
  3. Metals conduct heat
  4. Metals are strong and tough
  5. Metals are shiny when polished
  6. Metals are sonorous (make a nice dong sound when hit)
  7. Metals are malleable( easily shaped)
  8. Metals are ductile( can be drawn into wires)
  9. Metals have high melting and boiling points
  10. Metals have high densities(how tightly the atoms are packed together)
  11. Metals make alloys when mixed with other metals
31
Q

What are the properties of non metals?

A
  1. Non metals can be found in the periodic table ( all of them except for hydrogen can be found on the right of the zigzag)
  2. Non Metals are poor conductors of electricity.
  3. Non Metals are poor conductors of heat.
  4. Non Metals aren’t strong or hard wearing (they break easily because the forces between the particles are weak, so they’re really good insulators also)
  5. Non Metals are dull(don’t reflect light)
  6. Non Metals are brittle ( hard but liable to break easily)
  7. Non metals have low melting and boiling points(because the forces on their particles are weak)
  8. Non metals have low densities ( most of their particles are not packed into a certain place and some are inclined to float in the air like helium).
  9. Non Metals are not magnetic
32
Q

What’s the equation for metals reacting with dilute acids?

A

Metal + acid —> salt +hydrogen

all acids contain hydrogen, so the hydrogen in the equation comes from the acid

33
Q

What happens to metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series when they react with acids?

A

The metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with acids to make a salt and hydrogen

34
Q

What happens to metals below hydrogen in the reactivity serious compared to the ones above?

A

The metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series won’t react with acids

35
Q

What’s an example of metals reacting with acids?

A

Zinc+sulfuric acid>zinc sulfate+H
Z + H2SO4-> ZnSO4 +H2

The zinc takes the place of the hydrogen as it’s more reactive than hydrogen

36
Q

What is the general equation for when oxides react with acids?

A

acid + metal oxide—> salt + water

Examples:
hydrochloric acid+copper oxide>copper chloride + water

37
Q

What happens when metals and non metals react with oxygen?

A

When metals react with oxygen they create metal oxides(eg: magnesium+oxygen> magnesium oxide)

When non metals react with oxygen they make oxides(eg: sulfur +oxygen-> sulfur dioxide)

38
Q

What is the PH of metal oxides and non metal oxides?

A

Metal oxides are alkaline so they have a ph which is higher than 7, so they react with acids to make salt and water

Non metal oxides are acidic, so they have a ph of less than 7, so they will react with alkalis to make salt and water (alkali + non metal oxide-> salt + water)
Example: sodium hydroxide + silicon dioxide-> sodium silicate + water

39
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A displacement reaction is where a more reactive metal or element displaces a less reactive metal or element from its compound in a reaction.

For example, if chlorine is added to a solution of potassium bromide, the bromine is replaced by the chlorine forming potassium chloride. Bromine is formed at the same time and can be detected by its colour.

40
Q

Are there any other types of displacement reactions?

A

A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has a pH equal to 7.
An example of this is when hydrogen and sodium hydroxide react (to make sodium chloride). The hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid is displaced by sodium from the sodium hydroxide ( the alkali) which in symbol form is NaCl

41
Q

What happens if you drop a strip of magnesium into a glass of copper sulfate?

A

The blue copper sulfate solution goes colourless and the copper coats the magnesium strip. Magnesium must be more reactive as magnesium sulfate + copper is formed ( copper is still there coating the magnesium but it was displaced in the solution reaction)

End of year science yr9 (3 decks)

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