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Parisha vocabulary > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 parts of a Bunsen burner? Describe each part.

A
  1. Base - to stop it falling over, the Bunsen burner has a heavy base
  2. Rubber tube - gas comes into the Bunsen burner through a rubber tube
  3. Airhole - to help the gas burn, some air can enter through the air hole
  4. Collar - you can change the amount of air you let in by turning the collar, this opens or closes the air hole. If you let in more air, the flame is hotter and roars.
  5. Chimney - the mixture of gas and air rises up the chimney and is lit at the top.
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2
Q

What is at the bottom of the flame?

A

A blue cone - this is cold, unburnt gas. The flame is hottest above the blue cone.

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3
Q

Why does the Bunsen burner have a heavy base?

A

So it doesn’t fall over

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4
Q

Where does the gas enter the Bunsen burner?

A

The rubber tube

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5
Q

How can you make the flame hotter?

A

By turning the collar and opening the air hole. This lets more air in and the flame becomes hotter.

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6
Q

Where is the flame hottest?

A

The flame is hottest above the blue cone.

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7
Q

Why is it no use trying to heat something too close to the opening of the chimney?

A

At the opening of the chimney is the blue cone which is cold, unburnt gas.

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8
Q

What is the definition of ‘Properties’?

A

The way a substance looks and behaves.

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9
Q

What are the states of matter?

A

Solids, liquids and gases

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10
Q

What is ‘Density’?

A

The mass of something compared to its volume.

Density is how much mass there is per volume of a substance (how heavy something is for its size)

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11
Q

Why do solids, liquids and gases all have different properties?

A

It is because of the way the particles are arranged inside the substances.

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12
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

A

The particles are very close together in an ordered arrangement
The particles vibrate in a fixed position
The particles have very strong forces between them

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13
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in liquid?

A

The particles are close together
The particles are free to move below the surface
The particles vibrate and move round each other
The particles have quite strong forces between them

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14
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a gas?

A

The particles are far apart in a random arrangement
The particles are free to move anywhere
The forces between the particles are weak

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15
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid, liquid and gas

A

Solid - very close together, regular arrangement
Liquid - close together, random arrangement
Gas - far apart, random arrangement

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16
Q

Describe the motion of particles in a solid, liquid and gas

A

Solid - vibrates about a fixed position
Liquid - moves around each other
Gas - moves quickly in all directions

17
Q

Describe the properties of a solid, liquid and gas

A

Solid - definite shape, definite volume, not compressible
Liquid - takes the shape of container, definite volume, not compressible
Gas - does not stay in an open container, spreads out to fill available volume, volume depends on container, compressible

18
Q

How can a substance change its state?

A

When the particles of a substance gains or loses energy, the substance may change its state

19
Q

Describe melting

A

If energy is supplied to a solid, its particles vibrate more violently
They may separate from each other and become free to move
The temperature at which a solid melts is called its melting point

20
Q

Describe evaporation

A

Heating a liquid makes its particles move around more quickly
Particles which have enough energy may overcome attractive forces
They will escape from the liquid and become a gas
This is evaporation

21
Q

Describe boiling

A

When the temperature is higher, more particles have enough energy to escape so evaporation is faster
If the temperature is high enough, a liquid will boil
The temperature at which a liquid boils is called its boiling point

22
Q

Describe diffusion

A

The particles of a gas move around very quickly in all directions
This is why gases spread out (diffuse) and mix completely with each other

23
Q

Describe dissolving

A

As liquid particles move about, they may separate the particles of an added solute from each other
This is dissolving

24
Q

(picture of a beaker, bung and funnel)

The funnel is filled with water, but the water does not run into the flask. Why is this?

A

The air is taking up all of the space so there is no room for the liquid

25
Q

(picture of a beaker, bung and funnel with water)

What would you do to get the water into the flask?

A

Remove the bung so that all the air can escape so the water has space to rush out

26
Q

(picture of 2 balloons balanced at the ends of a ruler)

Why does the ruler not stay horizontal after one balloon is popped?

A

The balloon with more air in it was heavier than the balloon that was popped
It is heavier because the air in the balloon adds mass to the balloon
This shows that air has mass

27
Q

The volume of a gas depends on _________

The volume of a gas also depends on ________

A

Pressure

Temperature

28
Q

Fill a plastic syringe with air. Put your finger over the nozzle.

a) What happens when you press gently on the plunger?

b) What happens when you press harder on the plunger?

A

a) This decreases the volume of the gas which increases the pressure of the gas. You can feel a slight pressure on your finger.
b) When you press harder, the volume decreases more and the gas particles will have less room to move, the pressure will increase further

29
Q

You can squash the gas by increasing the______

A

pressure

30
Q

How does temperature affect the volume of gas?

A

The higher the temperature, the larger the volume that has been taken up by the gas.
The lower the temperature, the smaller the volume taken up by the gas.

31
Q

An object will _____ if it is _____ dense than water

An object will _____ if it is _____ dense than water

A

float, less dense

sink, more dense

32
Q

How do you calculate density?

A

Density = mass/volume

Density equals mass divided by volume

33
Q

What are the units used in measuring density?

A

g/cm3 (gram per cubic centimetre)

34
Q

How do you find the volume of an object?

A

height x width x length

35
Q

What is the density of water?

A

1 gm/cm3

36
Q

A wooden block has a mass of 5 g and a volume of 10 cm3, what is its density

A

0.5 g/cm3

37
Q

If a perfume is sprayed in one corner of the room, it takes a few minutes for the smell to reach the other side of the room. Why is this?

A

The particles are slowed down by collision with air particles

Parisha vocabulary (19 decks)

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