Chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
RNA
A
Ribonucleic acid
2
Q
DNA
A
Deoxyribonucleic acid
3
Q
ATP
A
Adenosine Triphosphate
4
Q
H2O
A
Water
5
Q
CO2
A
Carbon Dioxide
6
Q
O2
A
Oxygen
7
Q
NaCl
A
Salt
8
Q
C6H12O6
A
Glucose
9
Q
H2CO3
A
Carbonic Acid
10
Q
Calcium
A
Ca
11
Q
Carbon
A
C
12
Q
Chlorine
A
Cl
13
Q
Hydrogen
A
H
14
Q
Iron
A
Fe
15
Q
Iodine
A
I
16
Q
Magnesium
A
Mg
17
Q
Nitrogen
A
N
18
Q
Oxygen
A
O
19
Q
Phosphorus
A
P
20
Q
Potassium
A
K
21
Q
Sodium
A
Na
22
Q
Sulfur
A
S
23
Q
Zinc
A
Zn
24
Q
Proton
A
Positive charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom, 1 mass unit
25
Neutron
Neutral charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom, 1 mass unit
26
Electron
Negative charged subatomic particle orbiting the nucleus in energy levels, mass unit insignificant
27
Atomic number
Number of protons in any element or atom
28
Isotope
Forms of the same element. Increase in the neutrons, atomic mass number increases
29
Atomic weight/ mass
The number on an element which is equal to
| protons plus neutrons
30
Energy shells
Orbitals around the nucleus where the electrons orbit.
1st = 2 e
2nd = 8e
3rd = 8e
31
Ion
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
32
Ionic bond
The complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms, which generated two oppositely charged ions
33
Covalent bond (molecular bond)
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
34
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
35
Organic molecules
The presence of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. Four classes of organic molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
36
Polysaccharide
A carbohydrate (eg: starch, cellulose, glucose) whose molecules consist of a number or sugar molecules bonded together
37
Dehydration synthesis
Chemical reaction of removing water to bond molecules together
38
Hydrolysis
The chemical breakdown of a compound due to the reaction with water
39
Amino acid
A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-HN2) group
40
Polypeptide
A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino acid residues bonded together in a chain forming part of (or the whole part of) a protein molecule
41
Protein
Any large organic compound made from one or more polypeptides, which are chains of amino acids joined in a genetically determined order by peptide linkages between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next
42
Double helix
Is the structure of a DNA molecule consisting of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder
43
Homeostasis
The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements especially as maintained by physiological process
44
Cations
A positively charged ion (lost electron(s))
| i.e. One that would be attracted to be a cathode in electolysis
45
Anions
A negatively charged ion (gains electron(s))
| i.e. One that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis
46
Salts
Any chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with all or part of a hydrogen of the acid replaced by a metal or other cation
47
Buffer
A solution that resists changes in PH when acid or alkali is added to it. Buffers typically involve a weak acid or alkali together with one of its salts
48
Acidosis
An excessively acid condition of the body fluids or tissues
49
Alkalosis
An excessively alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues that may cause weakness or cramps
50
Energy
Ability to do work, power that may be translated into motion, overcoming resistance or causing a physical change
51
Exothermic reaction
A chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat
| Reactants--------> products + energy
52
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
53
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
A part or aspect of something abstract, especially one that is essential or characteristic
--> a simple substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means the basic stuff of which all matter is composed.
Made up of atoms
