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VT9a > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

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2
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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3
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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4
Q

H2O

A

Water

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5
Q

CO2

A

Carbon Dioxide

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6
Q

O2

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

NaCl

A

Salt

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8
Q

C6H12O6

A

Glucose

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9
Q

H2CO3

A

Carbonic Acid

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10
Q

Calcium

A

Ca

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11
Q

Carbon

A

C

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12
Q

Chlorine

A

Cl

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13
Q

Hydrogen

A

H

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14
Q

Iron

A

Fe

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15
Q

Iodine

A

I

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16
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg

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17
Q

Nitrogen

A

N

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18
Q

Oxygen

A

O

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19
Q

Phosphorus

A

P

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20
Q

Potassium

A

K

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21
Q

Sodium

A

Na

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22
Q

Sulfur

A

S

23
Q

Zinc

A

Zn

24
Q

Proton

A

Positive charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom, 1 mass unit

25
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom, 1 mass unit

26
Q

Electron

A

Negative charged subatomic particle orbiting the nucleus in energy levels, mass unit insignificant

27
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in any element or atom

28
Q

Isotope

A

Forms of the same element. Increase in the neutrons, atomic mass number increases

29
Q

Atomic weight/ mass

A

The number on an element which is equal to

protons plus neutrons

30
Q

Energy shells

A

Orbitals around the nucleus where the electrons orbit.
1st = 2 e
2nd = 8e
3rd = 8e

31
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

32
Q

Ionic bond

A

The complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms, which generated two oppositely charged ions

33
Q

Covalent bond (molecular bond)

A

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

34
Q

Molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction

35
Q

Organic molecules

A

The presence of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. Four classes of organic molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

36
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A carbohydrate (eg: starch, cellulose, glucose) whose molecules consist of a number or sugar molecules bonded together

37
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Chemical reaction of removing water to bond molecules together

38
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to the reaction with water

39
Q

Amino acid

A

A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-HN2) group

40
Q

Polypeptide

A

A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino acid residues bonded together in a chain forming part of (or the whole part of) a protein molecule

41
Q

Protein

A

Any large organic compound made from one or more polypeptides, which are chains of amino acids joined in a genetically determined order by peptide linkages between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next

42
Q

Double helix

A

Is the structure of a DNA molecule consisting of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder

43
Q

Homeostasis

A

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements especially as maintained by physiological process

44
Q

Cations

A

A positively charged ion (lost electron(s))

i.e. One that would be attracted to be a cathode in electolysis

45
Q

Anions

A

A negatively charged ion (gains electron(s))

i.e. One that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis

46
Q

Salts

A

Any chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with all or part of a hydrogen of the acid replaced by a metal or other cation

47
Q

Buffer

A

A solution that resists changes in PH when acid or alkali is added to it. Buffers typically involve a weak acid or alkali together with one of its salts

48
Q

Acidosis

A

An excessively acid condition of the body fluids or tissues

49
Q

Alkalosis

A

An excessively alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues that may cause weakness or cramps

50
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work, power that may be translated into motion, overcoming resistance or causing a physical change

51
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

A chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat

Reactants——–> products + energy

52
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

53
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

A part or aspect of something abstract, especially one that is essential or characteristic
–> a simple substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means the basic stuff of which all matter is composed.
Made up of atoms

VT9a (13 decks)

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