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VT9a > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

5 kingdoms of living organisms

A 
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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2
Q

Examples of Monera

A

Bacteria, blue- green bacteria

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3
Q

Examples of Protista

A

Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglera

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4
Q

Examples of Fungi

A

Mushrooms, mold, shelf/bracket fungus, yeast

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5
Q

Examples of Plantae

A

Moss, ferns, trees, flowering plants, etc….

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6
Q

Examples of Anamilia

A

Jellyfish, Cats, Dogs, Man

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7
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Platy- flat
Helminths- worms
A type of flat worm

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8
Q

Arthropoda

A

Arthro- joint
Poda- food
Animals with joined legs and an exoskeleton segmented body

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9
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Chrondr/o- cartilage
Ichthyes- fish
A class that contains cartilaginous fishes

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10
Q

Osteichthyes

A

Oste/o- bone
Itchthyes- fish
Group of fish that have skeletons, primarily composed of bone

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11
Q

Amphibia

A

Amphi- both
Bia- life
Living both in water and on land

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12
Q

Lagomorpha

A

Lago- rabbit/hares
Morph/a- shaped
Hares/rabbits and pikas, all species are temestrial and herbivores

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13
Q

Carivora

A

Carni- flesh/ meat
Vora- eating
Any animal that primarily eats flesh

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14
Q

Perissodactyla

A

Perisso- odd/uneven
Dactyl- digits
Animals that have an odd number if toes(digits)

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15
Q

Artiodactyla

A

Artio- even
Dactyl- digits
Animals that have an even number of toes (digits)

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16
Q

Biology

A

Study of life

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17
Q

Cilia

A

Short and numerous hairlike appendages that function in movement, composed of microtubules
Move substances across surface

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18
Q

Flagella

A

Long tail like structure usually occur singly or in pairs, in higher animals (spermatozoa)
Composed of microtubules
For movement of a cell or organism

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19
Q

Microvilli

A

Tiny protuberances of the plasma membrane, contain cytoplasm, function to increase the surface area of the cell. Are not motile

20
Q

Cytosol

A

Liquid membrane of cytoplasm (cytoplasm minus organelles and non membranous insoluble components)

21
Q

Ribosomes

A

Composed of RNA & protein, site of protein synthesis
Free- produce proteins which stay within the cell
Attached- produce proteins which will be secreted out of the cell

22
Q

Vacuole

A

Appear as small empty spaces in the cytoplasm, actually membranous vesicles that contain substances such as nutrients or waste products

23
Q

Lysosome

A

Small membrane bound sacs of enzymes disassembly and disposal of warn out organelles, food particles, dead microorganisms, and other cytoplasmic debris. (May rupture, releasing enzymes into cytoplasm)

24
Q

Chromatin

A

The substance of the chromosomes, composed of nucleic acids and basic proteins (histones), the material in the nucleus that stains with basic dyes

25
Q

Diffusion

A

The state or process of being widely spread

26
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Mechanisms in intestinal absorption which assist the passage of those products of digestion, which cannot occurs by simple diffusion across the intestinal cell membrane

27
Q

Osmosis

A

The passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute. Molecules, but is permeable to the solvent.

28
Q

Tonicity

A

The state of tissue tone or tension, in the body fluid physiology, the effective osmotic pressure equivalent.

29
Q

Active transport

A

Process by which substances are transported across plasma membranes from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration

30
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Ingestion of large particles by a cell “cell eating”

31
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Ingestion of minute amounts of extracellular fluid and dissolved substances “cell drinking”

32
Q

Exocytosis

A

Movement of particles of fluids out of the cell, the reverse of phagocytosis and pinocytosis

33
Q

Mitosis

A

Ordinary process of cell division which results in the formation of two daughter cells. By which the body replaces dead cells.

34
Q

Centromere

A

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division

35
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm between daughter cells in mitosis or meiosis

36
Q

Meiosis

A

The process of cell division by which reproductive cells (gametes) are formed

37
Q

Diploid

A

A complete set of genes, somatic cells all contain two of each type of chromosome. (2N) number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell

38
Q

Haploid

A

Number of chromosomes found in a gamete

Half as many as in a somatic cells (N)

39
Q

Crossing over

A

The exchanging of material between homologous chromosomes, durning the first division, resulting in new combinations of genes

40
Q

Fertilization

A

The process by which the spermatozoan unites with the ovum

41
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

A sheet of cells. That covers a body surface or lines the body cavity external skin and internal skin

42
Q

Connective tissue

A

Group of tissue in the body that maintains the form of the body and its organs.
(Includes: bones cartilage, blood, and fat)
And provide cohesion and internal support

43
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Soft tissue that composes muscles. Properties that allow movement , cells are excitable, respond to stimuli, are contractile, they shorten and generate a pulling force

44
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. Consists o neurons and neuroglia

45
Q

Taxonomy

A

The orderly classification of organisms into appropriate categories (taxa), with application of suitable and correct names

VT9a (13 decks)

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