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Biology Flashcards

1
Q

5 kingdoms of living organisms

A 
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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2
Q

Examples of Monera

A

Bacteria, blue- green bacteria

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3
Q

Examples of Protista

A

Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglera

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4
Q

Examples of Fungi

A

Mushrooms, mold, shelf/bracket fungus, yeast

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5
Q

Examples of Plantae

A

Moss, ferns, trees, flowering plants, etc….

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6
Q

Examples of Anamilia

A

Jellyfish, Cats, Dogs, Man

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7
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Platy- flat
Helminths- worms
A type of flat worm

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8
Q

Arthropoda

A

Arthro- joint
Poda- food
Animals with joined legs and an exoskeleton segmented body

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9
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Chrondr/o- cartilage
Ichthyes- fish
A class that contains cartilaginous fishes

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10
Q

Osteichthyes

A

Oste/o- bone
Itchthyes- fish
Group of fish that have skeletons, primarily composed of bone

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11
Q

Amphibia

A

Amphi- both
Bia- life
Living both in water and on land

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12
Q

Lagomorpha

A

Lago- rabbit/hares
Morph/a- shaped
Hares/rabbits and pikas, all species are temestrial and herbivores

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13
Q

Carivora

A

Carni- flesh/ meat
Vora- eating
Any animal that primarily eats flesh

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14
Q

Perissodactyla

A

Perisso- odd/uneven
Dactyl- digits
Animals that have an odd number if toes(digits)

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15
Q

Artiodactyla

A

Artio- even
Dactyl- digits
Animals that have an even number of toes (digits)

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16
Q

Biology

A

Study of life

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17
Q

Cilia

A

Short and numerous hairlike appendages that function in movement, composed of microtubules
Move substances across surface

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18
Q

Flagella

A

Long tail like structure usually occur singly or in pairs, in higher animals (spermatozoa)
Composed of microtubules
For movement of a cell or organism

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19
Q

Microvilli

A

Tiny protuberances of the plasma membrane, contain cytoplasm, function to increase the surface area of the cell. Are not motile

20
Q

Cytosol

A

Liquid membrane of cytoplasm (cytoplasm minus organelles and non membranous insoluble components)

21
Q

Ribosomes

A

Composed of RNA & protein, site of protein synthesis
Free- produce proteins which stay within the cell
Attached- produce proteins which will be secreted out of the cell

22
Q

Vacuole

A

Appear as small empty spaces in the cytoplasm, actually membranous vesicles that contain substances such as nutrients or waste products

23
Q

Lysosome

A

Small membrane bound sacs of enzymes disassembly and disposal of warn out organelles, food particles, dead microorganisms, and other cytoplasmic debris. (May rupture, releasing enzymes into cytoplasm)

24
Q

Chromatin

A

The substance of the chromosomes, composed of nucleic acids and basic proteins (histones), the material in the nucleus that stains with basic dyes

25
Diffusion
The state or process of being widely spread
26
Facilitated diffusion
Mechanisms in intestinal absorption which assist the passage of those products of digestion, which cannot occurs by simple diffusion across the intestinal cell membrane
27
Osmosis
The passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute. Molecules, but is permeable to the solvent.
28
Tonicity
The state of tissue tone or tension, in the body fluid physiology, the effective osmotic pressure equivalent.
29
Active transport
Process by which substances are transported across plasma membranes from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration
30
Phagocytosis
Ingestion of large particles by a cell "cell eating"
31
Pinocytosis
Ingestion of minute amounts of extracellular fluid and dissolved substances "cell drinking"
32
Exocytosis
Movement of particles of fluids out of the cell, the reverse of phagocytosis and pinocytosis
33
Mitosis
Ordinary process of cell division which results in the formation of two daughter cells. By which the body replaces dead cells.
34
Centromere
The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division
35
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm between daughter cells in mitosis or meiosis
36
Meiosis
The process of cell division by which reproductive cells (gametes) are formed
37
Diploid
A complete set of genes, somatic cells all contain two of each type of chromosome. (2N) number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell
38
Haploid
Number of chromosomes found in a gamete | Half as many as in a somatic cells (N)
39
Crossing over
The exchanging of material between homologous chromosomes, durning the first division, resulting in new combinations of genes
40
Fertilization
The process by which the spermatozoan unites with the ovum
41
Epithelial tissue
A sheet of cells. That covers a body surface or lines the body cavity external skin and internal skin
42
Connective tissue
Group of tissue in the body that maintains the form of the body and its organs. (Includes: bones cartilage, blood, and fat) And provide cohesion and internal support
43
Muscle tissue
Soft tissue that composes muscles. Properties that allow movement , cells are excitable, respond to stimuli, are contractile, they shorten and generate a pulling force
44
Nervous tissue
Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. Consists o neurons and neuroglia
45
Taxonomy
The orderly classification of organisms into appropriate categories (taxa), with application of suitable and correct names

VT9a (13 decks)

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