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PCAT > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

1 amu = 1

A

Dalton

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2
Q

How to calculate atomic mass number

A

Protons + neutrons

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3
Q

Calculating atomic weight

A

%abundance(atomic mass) and add together for all isotopes

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4
Q

E=hf

A

Energy of quanta = planck’s constant (6.626x10^-34 J/s) x frequency

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5
Q

Bohr’s model says that electrons can exist in _____

A

Fixed energy states

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6
Q

Small radius = ____ energy

A

Low

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7
Q

E =hc / gamma

A

Electromagnetic energy = planck’s constant x velocity of light in vacuum (3.0x10^8 m/s) / wavelength

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8
Q

A Balmer series has ___ wavelengths in the visible light region

A

4

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9
Q

Lyman series deal with the ____ spectrum region

A

Ultraviolet

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10
Q

Paschen series deals with the _____ region

A

Infrared

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11
Q

The absorption spectra can be used to identify elements in a _____

A

Gas phase sample

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12
Q

The quantum number n give the ___ of an orbital

A

Size

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13
Q

The quantum number L gives the ___ of an orbital

A

Shape

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14
Q

Aufbau principle

A

Sub shells are filled lowest to highest energy, one must be completely filled before moving on to next one

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15
Q

Hund’s rule

A

Maximum number of half filled parallel orbitals before filling with both

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16
Q

Elements that have unpaired electrons are ____

A

Paramagnetic

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17
Q

Electrons that don’t have unpaired electrons are _____

A

Diamagnetic

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18
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

No two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers

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19
Q

Lanthanides and actinides have partially filled ___ orbitals

A

F

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20
Q

Removing an electron is _____ (endothermic/exothermic)

A

Endothermic (requires energy)

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21
Q

Electronegativity _____ from left to right and _____ from top to bottom

A

Increases, decreases

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22
Q

Another name for group 5 on the periodic table

A

Pnictogens

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23
Q

Another name for group 4 (with oxygen) on the periodic table

A

Chalcogens

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24
Q

The element with the highest electronegativity

A

Fluorine

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25
Q

Noble gases have ____ boiling points

A

Low

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26
Q

_______ ________ give transition metal complexes cool colors

A

Subtraction frequencies

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27
Q

To create an ionic bond, the electronegativity difference must be greater than

A

1.7

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28
Q

A triple bond is ____ than a single bond

A

Shorter

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29
Q

Nitrogen has ____ valence electrons

A

5

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30
Q

Unit used to measure dipole moments

A

Debye units (coulomb-meter)

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31
Q

Accepts electron pairs

A

Lewis acids

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32
Q

Donates electron pairs

A

Lewis bases

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33
Q

3 electron pairs with no lone pairs

A

Trigonal planar, 120

34
Q

4 electron pairs with no lone pairs

A

Tetrahedral, 109.5

35
Q

4 electron pairs with 1 lone pair

A

Trigonal pyramidal, 107

36
Q

4 electron pairs with 2 lone pairs

A

Bent, 104.5

37
Q

5 electron pairs with no lone pairs

A

Trigonal bipyramidal (varies)

38
Q

6 electron pairs with no lone pairs

A

Octahedral (varies)

39
Q

3 electronegative atoms that can form hydrogen bonds

A

N, O, F

40
Q

Calculating percent composition

A

(Mass in formula / weight of compound ) x 100

41
Q

Moles of solute per liter of solution

A

Molarity

42
Q

Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

A

Molality

43
Q

Gram equivalents of solute / liter of solution

A

Normality

44
Q

Water soluble? Alkali metals

A

Yes

45
Q

Water soluble? Ammonium ions

A

Yes

46
Q

Water soluble? Salts with Cl-, Br-, I-

A

Yes

47
Q

Water soluble? Salts with Ag+, Pb2+, Hg(2)2+

A

No

48
Q

Water soluble? Salts with Sulfate ion (SO(4)2-)

A

Yes

49
Q

water soluble? Salts with Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+

A

No

50
Q

Water soluble? Metal oxides

A

No

51
Q

Water soluble? Hydroxides

A

No

52
Q

Water soluble? CO(3)2-, PO(4)3-, S2-, SO(3)2-

A

No

53
Q

Redox reactions are ____ _____ reactions

A

Single displacement

54
Q

The ____ step is the rate determining step of a reaction

A

Slow

55
Q

Unit for rate

A

Mol/(L x second)

56
Q

Exponents in determining rate law are always

A

Stoichiometric coefficients of the rate determining step

57
Q

In zero order reactions , r =

A

K (amount of drug administered/eliminated over time remains constant)

-unit = Molarity / s-1

58
Q

Order that has a rate proportional to one reactant

A

First order

  • unit: s-1
  • PERCENT of drug administered/eliminated remains constant
59
Q

Have a rate proportional to two reactants or squared concentration of one reactant

A

Second order

-units: M-1 x s-1

60
Q

Delta H (enthalpy) =

A

Products - reactants

61
Q

Increasing the concentration will not affect

A

zero order reactions

62
Q

Q only remains constant at

A

Equilibrium

63
Q

If Keq is GREATER than 1, the mixture will contain more

A

Products

64
Q

If Keq is LESS than 1, the mixture will contain more

A

Reactants

65
Q

If a concentration on one side is increased, the equilibrium will move ______ from that side

A

Away

66
Q

If a concentration is decreased of one side, the equilibrium will move ____ that side

A

Toward

67
Q

When the pressure is increased, the reaction will go in the direction with _____ moles

A

Less

68
Q

Solution equilibrium is defined as

A

Rate of disassociation = rate of precipitation

69
Q

Qsp = Ksp, the solution is

A

Saturated

70
Q

Qsp > Ksp, the solution is

A

Supersaturated

-unstable!

71
Q

Qsp > Ksp

A

Unsaturated (no precipitate)

72
Q

Immiscible liquids that form what looks like a miscible mixture

A

Emulsion

73
Q

As temperature increases, vapor pressure ______

A

Increases

74
Q

Vapor pressure = external pressure

A

Boiling point

75
Q

Solid -> gas

A

Sublimation

76
Q

Gas -> solid

A

deposition

77
Q

Colligative properties depend on the

A

Number of particles

78
Q

Freezing point depression is a ____ property

A

Colligative

-salt to make ice melt on roads

79
Q

Boiling point elevation is a ____ property

A

Colligative

-salt in pasta to raise BP of water slightly

80
Q

Osmotic pressure is a ____ property

A

Colligative

  • net flow of water
  • uses molarity (other two use molality)
  • uses symbol for pi (but NOT 3.14)
81
Q

Raoult’s law

A

When solvent B is added to pure solvent A, the vapor pressure of A decreases
-only IDEAL solutions follow this!!!!!

PCAT (4 decks)

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