Chemistry 6-7 Flashcards
Atom
The basic unit of a chemical element
Proton
Particle occurring in all atomic nuclei with a positive charge
Neutron
Particle present in an atomic nuclei without an electric charge
Electron
Particle with a charge of negative electricity found in all atoms
Compound
A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture
Element
A substance consisting of atoms which all have the same number of protons
Ion
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more elements
Cation
A positively charged ion that is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis
Anion
An ionic species having a negative charge. The chemical species may be a single atom or a group of atoms. An anion is attracted to the anode on electrolysis.
Alkali metal
Any element found in group IA of the periodic table. Alkali metals are very reactive chemical species and as you go down a group the reactivity increases.
Alkali earth metal
The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in column (group) 2 of the Periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), continue ??????????? Ask teacher
Halogens
The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. The term “halogen” means “salt-former” and compounds containing halogens are called “salts”. All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1.
Noble gases
Noble gases are any of the seven chemical elements that make up Group 18 of the periodic table. The noble gases are colourless, odourless, tasteless, stable, nonflammable gases.
Group/Family
A group or family is a column (runs vertically) of elements in the periodic table. There are 18 groups in the periodic table. They share similar chemical properties.
Period
A period is the horizontal row of the periodic table. The periodic table has seven periods.
Carrying capacity
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Ionic compound
A compound made up of one or more positive metal ions (cations) and one or more negative non-metal ions (anions).
Molecular/covalent compound
A pure substance that is formed by two or more non-metals
Molecule
The smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. Molecules are made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds.
Lattice structure
A structure with a regular arrangement of particles. These particles can be atoms, ions or molecules.
Metal
A metal is an element toward the left side of the periodic table that has an element that readily forms positive ion (cations) and has metallic bonds. Look at metal characteristics under note.
Non-metal
An element located toward the right side of the periodic table that does not possess the properties off metals, and is found in the groups 14, 15 and 16 of the periodic table. Look at characteristics of a non-metal under note.
Transition metals
This includes any of the metallic elements within Groups 3 through 12 in the period table. All the transition metals have two electrons in their outermost shell (just inside the outermost shell) .
Metalloid
Metalloid, a chemical element with properties intermediate between those of typical metals and nonmetals.
