Chemistry Flashcards
Atom
It is the smallest element. It has a nucleus surrounded by electrons
Nucleaus
It is the centre of an atom. It is made up of protons and neutrons. It has the most of an atom’s mass.
Proton
A positively charged particle. It is in an atomic nucleus.
Neutron
A neutron is an uncharged particle and is in an atomic nucleus.
Electrons
Electrons are negatively charged particles and is located in the shells that surround an atom’s nucleus.
Atomic number
Number of protons in e nucleus of an atom. The atomic number determines which element an atom is.
Ionisation
When you take away an electron to form a positive ion.
Periods
a set of elements occupying a horizontal row in the periodic table.
Groups
a set of elements occupying a column in the periodic table and having broadly similar properties arising from their similar electronic structure.
Periodic law
a law stating that the elements, when listed in order of their atomic numbers, fall into recurring groups, so that elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals.
Symbol
Representation or abbreviation of an element
Atomic number
Number of protons
Relative atomic mass
the ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Mass number
Number of protons and neutrons
Alkali metals
are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs) and francium (Fr).
Alkaline earth metals
any of the elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium,
Noble gases
any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
Metals
Elements that form cations when compounds of it are in solution and oxides of the elements form hydroxides rather than acids in water.
Metals
achemicalelement (as boron, carbon, or nitrogen) that lacks the characteristics of ametaland that is able to form anions, acidic oxides, acids, and stable compounds with hydrogen.
Metalloids
Ametalloidis anychemicalelement which has properties in between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them.
Conductor
A conductor is a material which contains movable electric charges.
Malleable
Malleabilityis the ability of a substance, usually a metal, to be deformed or molded into a different shape.
Ductile
is a physical property of a material associated with the ability to be hammered thin or stretched into wire without breaking.
Brittle
- having hardness and rigidity but little tensile strength; breaking readily with a comparatively smooth fracture, as glass. 2. easily damaged or destroyed
