Chemistry

Question 1

What is a chemical symbol?

Answer 1

It is a symbol given to represent a basic element

Question 2

How many elements are there in all?

Answer 2

118

Question 3

How many elements are naturally occurring?

Answer 3

92

Question 4

What is a periodic table?

Answer 4

It is an organised table of all known elements. It has a numbering system

Question 5

How are elements organised in the periodic table?

Answer 5

With the heaviest elements at the bottom and the lightest elements at the top
Elements are organised in columns according to their common chemical properties

Question 6

What case letters should chemical symbols be in?

Answer 6

Chemical symbols start with a capital letter and if they have a second letter (for example Ca) the second letter is lower case

Question 7

What are the ten most common elements in the human body?

Answer 7

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorus 
Potassium
Sulfur
Chlorine
Sodium 

All others

Question 8

What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

Answer 8

O

Question 9

What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

Answer 9

C

Question 10

What is the chemical symbol for hydrogen?

Answer 10

H

Question 11

What is the chemical symbol for nitrogen?

Answer 11

N

Question 12

What is the chemical symbol for calcium?

Answer 12

Ca

Question 13

What is the chemical symbol for phosphorus?

Answer 13

P

Question 14

What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

Answer 14

K

Question 15

What is the chemical symbol for sulfur?

Answer 15

S

Question 16

What is the chemical symbol for chlorine?

Answer 16

Cl

Question 17

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

Answer 17

Na

Question 18

What percentage of the body is made up of oxygen?

Answer 18

65%

Question 19

What percentage of the body is made up of carbon (C)?

Answer 19

18%

Question 20

What percentage of the body is made up of hydrogen (H)?

Answer 20

10%

Question 21

What percentage of the body is made up of nitrogen (N)?

Answer 21

3%

Question 22

What percentage of the body is made up of calcium (Ca)?

Answer 22

1.5%

Question 23

What percentage of the body is made of phosphorus (P)?

Answer 23

1.2%

Question 24

What percentage of the body is made up of potassium (K)?

Answer 24

0.4%

Question 25

What percentage of the body is made up of sulfur (S)?

Answer 25

0.25%

Question 26

What percentage of the body is made up of chlorine (Cl)?

Answer 26

0.2%

Question 27

What percentage of the body is made up of sodium (Na)?

Answer 27

0.2%

Question 28

Where should the units of the values be written when producing a table?

Answer 28

Units should be written in the column headings instead of next to each individual value

Question 29

Which element is the lightest?

Answer 29

Hydrogen (H)

Question 30

What is the third most abundant element in the universe by mass?

Answer 30

Oxygen (O)

Question 31

What percentage of nitrogen forms the earths atmosphere?

Answer 31

78%

Question 32

Where can red phosphorus most commonly be found?

Answer 32

On matchboxes, to light matches

Question 33

Which element is a component of gun powder?

Answer 33

Sulfur (S)

Question 34

What element is essential for plant growth?

Answer 34

Potassium

Question 35

Where is phosphorus present in the human body?

Answer 35

In bones and teeth

Question 36

What is Phosphorus (P) essential for in the human body? (2)

Answer 36

Energy storage and transfer | Correct function of cells

Question 37

How many natural forms are there of phosphorus (P)?

Answer 37

Two White phosphorus Red phosphorus

Question 38

Describe the properties of white phosphorus (P)? (5)

Answer 38

``` Poisonous Waxy Solid Glows in the dark Flammable when exposed to air ```

Question 39

What happens when phosphorus is exposed to air?

Answer 39

It is flammable

Question 40

Is red phosphorus (P) toxic?

Answer 40

No it is non toxic

Question 41

How does hydrogen (H) occur in its natural form?

Answer 41

As a colourless Odourless Gas

Question 42

How much of the human body is made up of water?

Answer 42

70% by mass

Question 43

Which element is there an abundance of in living organisms?

Answer 43

Oxygen | Hydrogen

Question 44

What does sodium (Na) combine with to form salt?

Answer 44

Chlorine (Cl)

Question 45

What does sodium (Na) regulate in the body?

Answer 45

Blood chemistry and the amount of water in our bodies

Question 46

Is sodium (Na) vital to human life?

Answer 46

Yes without it our cells can not get the nutrients they need to survive

Question 47

Describe the properties of sodium (Na)?

Answer 47

Soft solid | Highly reactive

Question 48

Describe the properties of potassium (K) in its natural form?

Answer 48

Soft, silvery solid | Tarnishes rapidly in air

Question 49

What is potassium (K) vital for in the human body?

Answer 49

It helps cells all over the body regulate what enters and leaves them so it is vital for all movement and body functions

Question 50

What are the most important roles for calcium (Ca) in the human body? (4)

Answer 50

Building and maintaining bones/teeth Necessary for blood clotting Muscle contraction Conduction of nerve impulses

Question 51

Describe the properties of calcium (Ca)?

Answer 51

Calcium is silvery Soft solid Tarnishes rapidly in air Reacts with water

Question 52

What does the element calcium react to?

Answer 52

Water

Question 53

Graphite and diamond are well known forms of which element?

Answer 53

Carbon (C) | In its natural form

Question 54

Is carbon an important element to life?

Answer 54

Yes, virtually every part of our bodies is made with large amounts of carbon

Question 55

Describe the properties of Graphite?

Answer 55

``` Natural form of Carbon Grey Shiny Soft Solid ```

Question 56

Describe the properties of diamond?

Answer 56

Colourless Transparent Solid Very hard

Question 57

Describe the properties of nitrogen (N)?

Answer 57

Colourless Odourless Gas

Question 58

What crucial role does nitrogen play in the human body?

Answer 58

It plays a crucial role in digestion of food and in growth

Question 59

Describe the properties of Oxygen? (O)

Answer 59

Colourless Odourless Gas In natural form

Question 60

What role does sulfur (S) play in the human body?

Answer 60

It is used in small amounts in all areas of the body to protect cells from hazards such as air pollution and radiation

Question 61

Historically what was sulphur used for?

Answer 61

It was burned to fumigate rooms after illness

Question 62

What is the most common appearance of sulphur?

Answer 62

Yellow crystals or powder

Question 63

What role does chlorine (Cl) play in the human body?

Answer 63

It regulates the amount of fluids in the body and helps muscles to flex and relax

Question 64

Which element is chlorine (Cl) mixed with to produce stomach acid to digest food properly?

Answer 64

Hydrogen | This forms hydrochloric acid

Question 65

Describe the properties of Chlorine?

Answer 65

Yellow- green Dense gas Choking smell

Question 66

What two elements form salt?

Answer 66

Sodium (Na) Chlorine (Cl) Form Sodium Chloride (salt)

Question 67

Apart from use in the human body what else can Chlorine be used in?

Answer 67

It can be used as a disinfectant