Chemistry Flashcards
Solubility
Is the measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent
When no more solute can dissolve in a solvent the solution becomes saturated
The amount of solute that can dissolve changes with temperature
Solute
Is the substance that dissolves in the solvent
Solution
Is the solvent and the solute mixed together
Solvent
Is the substance that the solute dissolves into
Soluble
Can be dissolved
Insoluble
Can’t be dissolved
A pure substance
It is not mixed with anything else and only contains one type of particle. In chromatography if the substance is pure the ink will not separate.
What ink travels the fastest in chromatography?
The more soluble the ink is in the solvent the faster think will travel leaving the most insoluble solute in the solvent at the bottom of the paper
Paper chromatography
Is a technique that can separate a substance into its components to see if it is pure or not
Why does it happen
Chromatography
The water is drawn up by capillary action
Capillary action
Sticky attractive force between water molecules and the paper
What happens when the water reaches the ink spots?
The ink spots dissolve into the water and the ink is carried up the paper with the water
Why do the colours come out
Because some of the colours are more soluble in the water than others and some colours are left behind which separates the different substances in the ink
If the ink move in the water, is it always pure?
No if the ink doesn’t dissolve in water it is probably only insoluble in water but it may dissolve in other chemicals
What is the substance called that is left behind after filtration occurs
Residue
Filtration
Method used to separate insoluble solids and liquids
Evaporation
Method used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid
Simple distillation
Method used to separate a solution
Salty water is a example of
How to use this method
Salt and water have two different
Boiling points so when you heat the
Solution the substance (in this case water)
With the lowest boiling point’s particles
Would evaporate first leaving the salt particles
Behind
Fractional distillation
Is the method used to separate two liquids for example ethanol and water
Ethanol has a lower boiling point than
Water so it evaporates first leaving the water particles behind
Chromatography.
Is the method of separating dissolved substances from one or other For example Pen Plant dyes Or food colouring Can be used in this process
