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Anatomy and Physiology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space/volume

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2
Q

All matter is composed of?

A

Elements

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3
Q

Living organisms require how many elements?

A

20

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4
Q

Our bodies are 95% made of what four elements?

A

Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

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5
Q

Positive Charge

A

Protons

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6
Q

No charge

A

Neutrons

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7
Q

Negative charge

A

Electrons

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons

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9
Q

Atomic mass

A

Protons and neutrons added together

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10
Q

Outermost shell is called?

A

Valence

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11
Q

Isotopes

A

Occurs when an Atom gains/loses neutrons thus changing the atomic mass of the Atom, but atomic number stays the same

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12
Q

Full outer shell means its?

A

Stable

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13
Q

Ions are created when?

A

Atoms lose or gain electrons due to not being stable

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14
Q

+ or - symbolizes?

A

Overall charge

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15
Q

Ionic bond

A

A valence electron is given or received (transferred)

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16
Q

Covalent bond

A

Valence electrons are shared with another atom

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17
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Weak bonds between H and other elements, mostly N and O

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18
Q

Two or more elements combine to make?

A

Molecules

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19
Q

Same element combining is called?

A

Diatomic

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20
Q

Different elements combining is called?

A

Compound

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21
Q

Molecular formulas represent what?

A

The type and number of atoms in a compound

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22
Q

Subscript tells you what?

A

How many atoms of that element

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23
Q

The lines in structural formula indicates what?

A

The type of bonds an atom has made

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24
Q

Synthesis

A

Two or more atoms combine to make a new more complex substance

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25
Q

Decomposition

A

A reactant molecule breaks to form a simpler product

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26
Q

Exchange

A

Parts of different reactants recombine to form a new product

27
Q

Reversible

A

When the products that form can reverse back to become reactants again, then become products again

28
Q

Catalyst

A

A molecule that can change rate of the reaction without being consumed

29
Q

Electrolyte

A

When a substance decomposes and releases ions in water since it can conduct an electric current

30
Q

Electrolytes that release H+ ions are?

A

Acids pH from 0-6

31
Q

Electrolytes that combine with H+ ions are?

A

Bases pH from 8-14

32
Q

Inorganic chemicals (4)

A

Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, salts

33
Q

Organic (3)

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

34
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Provides energy, atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

35
Q

Monosacharides

A

One simple sugar, 6 carbons

36
Q

Disacharide

A

2 simple sugars

37
Q

Polysacharide

A

Many simple sugars

38
Q

Lipids

A

Insoluble in water, building blocks are 3 fatty acids called triglyceride, single bond is saturated, double is unsaturated, many is polyunsaturated

39
Q

Phospholipids

A

2 fatty acids

40
Q

Proteins

A

Energy source, receptors, antibodies, enzymes, made of amino acids, amino acids in a chain is a polypeptide

41
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Takes part in protein synthesis, forms building blocks called nucleotides, RNA helps in protein synthesis, DNA stores info and “the code”

42
Q

The branch of science that deals with composition of substance is?

A

Chemistry

43
Q

What forms can matter be found in?

A

Solids, liquids, and gases

44
Q

An atom is made of?

A

A nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons

45
Q

When atoms combine they gains or lose?

A

Electrons

46
Q

An ion is?

A

An atom that is electrically charged

47
Q

An electrovalent bond is made by?

A

A positive and a negative ion attracting eachother

48
Q

Structural formula is?

A

Picture of elements

49
Q

Major chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis and decomposition

50
Q

pH measures concentration of?

A

Hydrogen ions

51
Q

Fat molecules contain?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

52
Q

Major elements that make up 99.9% of body?

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, magnesium

53
Q

2 elements abundant in Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen and syllico

54
Q

Van Der Waals, H Bond, and Covalent are types of what?

A

Bonds

55
Q

What is an atom or molecule when it receives an electron?

A

Oxidized

56
Q

What is and atom or molecule when an electron is taken?

A

Reduced

57
Q

Nucleotides are building blocks of?

A

RNA AND DNA

58
Q

Primary structure

A

Sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide chain

59
Q

Secondary structure

A

Repeated patterns of folding the protein backbone

60
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Overall folding of entire polypeptide chain into 3D shape

61
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Different sub units are packed together to form overall structure

62
Q

Four bases in DNA?

A

A,T,C,G

63
Q

Four bases in RNA?

A

U,C,G,A

64
Q

Chemistry

A

Studies be composition of matter and its changes

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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