Chapter 1 - Intro To Human Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
Physiology
Studies the function of body parts
Movement
Change positions, internal and external
Responisveness
A reaction to stimuli
Growth
Increase in size without change in shape
Reproduction
New organisms and/or new cells
Absorption
Transfer of substances through membranes
Digestion
Breakdown of food for usage
Excretion
Removal of waste products through metabolic reactions
Respiration
In with oxygen out with carbon dioxide using energy from foods
Assimilation
Changing substances into chemically different forms
Circulation
Movement of substances through the body
Heat
By product of and needed to ensure metabolic reactions
Oxygen
Small in quantity in our air but necessary for energy production
Pressure
Needed to move blood around in the body
Food
Not just for hunger but for nutrients body processes rely on the chemicals provided by what we eat
Water
Majority of body, transports substances, regulates tenperature
Vital Signs
- ) body temperature
- ) blood pressure
- ) poise and breathing movements
- ) other movements (muscles)
- ) brain activity
Homeostasis
The body’s attempt to maintain a constant, healthy internal status (vital signs)
Receptors
Provide stimuli information
Set point
Predetermined value in the body
Effectors
Causes change in the body to maintain homeostasis
Levels of Organization
Atom - molecule - macromolecule - organelle - cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism
Dorsal cavity
Cranial cavity, vertebral canal, oral cavity, nasal cavity, orbital cavity, middle ear cavity
Cranial cavity
Houses the brain
Vertebral cavity
Spinal cord
Oral cavity
Teeth, tongue (mouth)
Nasal cavity
Divided by a nasal septum, includes sinuses (nose)
Orbital cavity
Eyes, associated muscles/nerves
Middle ear cavity
Middle ear bones
Ventral cavity
Diaphragm, thoracic cavity, mediastinum, abdominopelvic
Diaphragm
Separates the ventral cavity by two parts
Thoracic cavity
Wall contains skin, skeletal muscles, bones
Mediastinum
Heart, right lung, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland
Abdominopelvic cavity
Wall contains skin, skeletal muscles, bones
Abdominal region
Stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, most of small/large intestines
Pelvic region
End of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, enclosed by hip bones
Thoracic and abdominal membranes
Visceral, Parietal
Visceral
Deep, closest to internal organ
Parietal
Closest to the surface, attached to the cavity wall
Integumentary system
Skin, hair, nails, sweat, sebaceous glads. Protects tissues, regulate body temp, sensory receptors
Skeletal system
Bones, ligaments, cartilage. Framework, protection for soft tissues, produce blood cells, stores inorganic salts
Muscular system
Muscles, provide force for movement, posture, body heat
Nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs. For nerve impulses leading to all body functions
Endocrine system
All glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes. For hormone production
Cardiovascular system
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood. Moves oxygen and nutrients around body
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels, fluid, nodes, thymus, gland, spleen. Also moves certain fluids back to bloodstream
Digestive system
Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small/large intestine. Absorption/excretion of nutrients and waste
Respiratory system
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. Movement of air, exchange of gases
Urinary
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. Removes waste from blood, regulates water/electrolytes
Reproductive system
Male, female. To produce offspring
Anatomy
Studies the structure of body parts
