Chemistry

Question 1

HHPS: What does the inverted triangle and octagon mean?

Answer 1

Inverted Triangle: the container is dangerous

Octagon: the contents inside are dangerous

Question 2

What are the symbols used in HHPS?

Answer 2

Explosive, Flammable, Corrosive, Poisonous

Question 3

What are the symbols used in WHMIS?

Answer 3

Corrosive Gas
Flammable Material
Oxidizing Material
Toxic Materials (Immediate and Severe)
Toxic Materials (Concealed and Long Term)
Biohazardous Infectous Material
Corrosive Material
Dangerously Reactive Material

Question 4

What is a Pure Substance?

Answer 4

Matter that contains only 1 type of particle

Question 5

What is the difference between an Element and a Compound

Answer 5

Element: only one type of atom
Compound: two or more types of atoms in a fixed ratio

Question 6

What is a Mixture?

Answer 6

Matter that contains more than one type of particle

Question 7

What is the difference between Homogenous Mixtures (Solutions) and Heterogenous Mixtures?

Answer 7

Homogenous Mixtures: a mixture with only one visible phase

Heterogenous Mixtures: a mixture with more than one visible phase

Question 8

What is a physical property?

Answer 8

Anything that describes the characteristics of a substance

Can be determined through the five senses

Question 9

What is a chemical property?

Answer 9

Something that describes the reactivity of a substance

Question 10

What is a physical change?

Answer 10

When the substance involved remains the same substance even if it changes state, shape or form.

Question 11

What is a chemical change?

Answer 11

When the substance changes into a new substance that has new properties.

• New Colour
• Heat or Light
• Bubbles formed
• Solid turns to Liquid
• Difficult to Reverse

Question 12

What is an Atomic Number?

Answer 12

The number of protons in the element

TOP LEFT

Question 13

What is Atomic Mass?

Answer 13

The weighted average mass of all natural isotopes of an element by their abundance.
(DECIMAL NUMBER UNDER SYMBOL ROUNDED)

Question 14

What is a Mass Number?

Answer 14

The number of protons + neutrons in an element

Question 15

How do you find out the:
# of protons
# of electrons
# of neutrons

Answer 15

# of protons + # of electrons = Atomic Number
# of neutrons: Mass Number - Atomic Number

Question 16

What is an Isotope?

Answer 16

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 17

When drawing atoms, how may electrons are in each valence shell?

Answer 17

2 valence electrons in the shell

8 valence electrons after the first shell

Question 18

What are valence electrons?

Answer 18

The electrons in the outer energy level

Question 19

What is a valence shell?

Answer 19

The outermost energy level / shell / orbit

Question 20

What are the similarities of a period in the periodic table?

Answer 20

All the elements in the same period of the periodic table have the same number of energy levels

Question 21

What are the similarities of a group in the periodic table?

Answer 21

All the elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons

Question 22

How can an atom achieve stability?

Answer 22

By having a full valence shell.

To achieve full valence shells, elements like to lose and gain OR share electrons.

Question 23

When trying to achieve stability, when do you lose and gain electrons?

Answer 23

Metals lose electrons.

Non-metals gain electrons.

Question 24

What is an ion?

Answer 24

An ion is a charged atom.

Through gaining or losing electrons to achieve stability.

Question 25

What are Cations?

Answer 25

Cations are positive charged ions.

They LOSE electrons, which means that they are METALS.

Question 26

What are Anions?

Answer 26

Anions are negatively charged ions.

They GAIN electrons, which means that they are NON-METALS.

Question 27

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 27

A compound that is made up of a METAL and a NON-METAL. They form an ionic bond.
(Metal loses electrons to Non-Metal)
(Non-Metal ends in “-ide”)

Question 28

What is a molecular compound?

Answer 28

A compound that is made up of NON-METALS. They share electrons to form a covalent bond.
(Greek Prefixes must be used)

Question 29

What is isoelectric?

Answer 29

Atoms and Ions that have the same electron arrangement as each other

Question 30

What is combining capacity?

Answer 30

The amount of electrons that an element needs to lose or gain in order to become a stable ion.

Question 31

What is a binary compound?

Answer 31

A compound made up of TWO elements

Ionic Compound or Molecular Compound

Question 32

What are diatomic molecules?

Answer 32

Molecules that consist of the same or different elements in a covalent bond.

Question 33

What are diatomic elements?

Answer 33

Diatomic molecules with the same elements.

H2, O2, F2

Question 34

What are polyatomic atoms?

Answer 34

Groups of atoms that stay together and carry an ionic charge.
(Nitrate, Sulfate, Carbonate, Hydroxide, etc.)

Question 35

What are binary acids?

Answer 35

Acid that consists of TWO elements

Hydrogen + Non-Metal

Question 36

What are oxyacids?

Answer 36

Acid that consists of THREE elements
(Hydrogen + Polyatomic Ion)
*one element must be oxygen as well