Chemistry

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

The particles that make up all materials; the smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

Question 2

Electron shells

Answer 2

Also known as energy levels, the region surrounding the nucleus where electrons may be found

Question 3

Electron configuration

Answer 3

Arrangement of electrons in electron shells

2,8,18,32

Question 4

Element

Answer 4

A substance composed of atoms with the same atomic number; 118 are known to exist

Question 5

Ground state

Answer 5

The lowest energy arrangement of an atom’s electrons shells

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Heavy core at the centre of the atom, made of protons and neutrons

Question 7

Electrons

Answer 7

Negatively charged atoms

Question 8

Protons

Answer 8

Positively charged atoms

Question 9

Neutrons

Answer 9

Neutrally charged atoms

Question 10

How fireworks work

Answer 10

Modern fireworks include metal salts that colour them. Fireworks colours come from electrons changing energy levels. Heat gives electrons energy to jump from one energy level to another. They get this energy from heat which is generated when the firework is lit.

Question 11

Groups

Answer 11

Vertical columns of the periodic table; group number is equal to the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms of the elements in that group

Question 12

Lanthanides

Answer 12

A special block of metallic elements with atomic numbers 58-71

Question 13

Alkali metals

Answer 13

Group 1 elements

Question 14

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 14

Group 2 elements

Question 15

Halogens

Answer 15

Group 17 elements

Question 16

Periods

Answer 16

horizontal rows of the periodic table; period number of an element is equal to the number of electron shells

Question 17

Transition elements

Answer 17

A special block of metallic elements covering elements from groups 3-12

Question 18

Nobel gases

Answer 18

Also known as inert gases. Group 18 elements known for their stability (lack of reactivity)

Question 19

Bonds

Answer 19

Links that join atoms together

Question 20

Covalent bonding

Answer 20

The sharing of electons between atoms of non-metals

Question 21

Ionic bonding

Answer 21

Attraction of positive and negative ions formed from the transfer of electrons from metallic to non-metallic atoms

Question 22

Ions

Answer 22

‘Charged atoms’ (or groups of atoms) formed by electrons being transferred from one atom to another

Question 23

Lattices

Answer 23

A regular arrangement of particles.

Question 24

Metallic bonding

Answer 24

A mutual attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised, outer-shell electrons

Question 25

Molecules

Answer 25

Discrete groupings of atoms covalently bonded together

Question 26

Atomic number

Answer 26

Number of protons in an atom