Biology

Question 1

Complementary base pair

Answer 1

A pair of bases that can join to make the rungs of the DNA ladder-
(A-T) (G-C)

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

(Deoxyribose nucleic acid) a nucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar and phosphate as the back bone

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A section of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular characteristic

Question 4

Nitrogen-rich base

Answer 4

Part of a nucleotide; the four types are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T)

Question 5

Nucleotides

Answer 5

The building blocks of DNA

Question 6

Phosphate group

Answer 6

One of the parts that make up a nucleotide

Question 7

Autosomes

Answer 7

All the chromosomes in body cells

Question 8

Centromere

Answer 8

where the two chromatids are joined together in a chromosome

Question 9

Chromatid

Answer 9

One of the strands of a chromosome following replication

Question 10

Diploid number

Answer 10

The number of chromosomes in the body cells; two sets or 2N

Question 11

Haploid number

Answer 11

The number of chromosomes in gametes(sex cells); one set or N

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

The type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

The type of cell division that produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell

Question 14

Replication

Answer 14

The process of making copies of DNA

Question 15

Sex chromosomes

Answer 15

The chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual; in humans they are X and Y chromosomes.
XX- female
XY- male

Question 16

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 16

Chromosomes with genes for particular characteristics at the same location

Question 17

Alleles

Answer 17

Different forms of the same gene

Question 18

Dominant

Answer 18

The characteristic that is expressed in the homozygous condition

Question 19

Recessive

Answer 19

The characteristic that remains hidden in the homozygous condition

Question 20

Genotype

Answer 20

Genetic information carried on by an individual

Question 21

Heterozygous/hybrid

Answer 21

Having two different alleles on homologous chromosomes

Question 22

Homozygous/pure breeding

Answer 22

Having two identical alleles on homologous chromosomes

Question 23

Phenotype

Answer 23

Observable characteristics of the individual; the way the genotype is expressed

Question 24

Pure breeding

Answer 24

he same genetic information for a characteristic is passed down generation after generation

Question 25

Chromosomes

Answer 25

Thread-like structures in the nucleus. Composed of DNA and proteins; contains the genetic information in the form of genes

Question 26

DNA determines what

Answer 26

A Molecule that determines genetic characteristics of most living things