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Bio 11 Test #1 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

Nucleus

A

At the center of atom

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1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest individual unit of matter

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2
Q

Protons

A

Charge +1, Mass 1

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3
Q

Neutrons

A

Charge 0, Mass 1

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4
Q

Electrons

A

In rapid orbit around nucleus

Charge -1, Mass 0

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5
Q

Mass

A

protons + #neutrons

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6
Q

Charge

A

protons - #electrons

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7
Q

Element

A

Atoms w/same #protons

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8
Q

Periodic table

A

Lists the diff elements
92 occur naturally (others artificial)
(Uranium)

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

protons in atom

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10
Q

Atomic mass

A

protons + #neutrons

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11
Q

Neutrons

A

Atomic mass - atomic number

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12
Q

Life

A 
25 elements (top 6 form 99% tissue)
Carbon(6), Hydrogen(1), Oxygen(8), Phosphorus(15), Sulfur(16)
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13
Q

Isotope

A

Same element w/diff # neutrons
Eg. Carbon(14) 6P, 8N, 6E
Carbon(12) 6P, 6N, 6E
Diff mass but same chemical reactions (rxs)

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14
Q

Molecule

A

2+ atoms joined together
Compound of diff elements
Eg. (H2O & CO2 are compounds & molecules)
(O2 is only a molecule, not compound)

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15
Q

Chemical bond

A

Joins atoms in a molecule

Consists of a pair of shard electrons plus bond energy

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16
Q

Ionic bond

A

Weak bond between atoms
Electrons not shared equally
Eg (NaCl; salt)

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17
Q

Covalent bond

A

Strong bond between atoms

Electrons shared equally

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18
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Weak/temporary bond between molecules

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19
Q

Metabolism

A

All Chem rxs in body

Reactants -> products

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20
Q

Synthesis

A

Build up

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21
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Break down

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22
Q

Synthesis rxs

A

Builds larger molecule

Eg. CH3-OH+H-CH3 -> CH3-CH3+H2O

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23
Q

Hydrolysis rxs

A

Breaks down molecule

Eg. CH3-CH3+H2O -> CH3-OH+H-CH3

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24
Q

Inorganic molecule

A

Lacks Carbon atoms

Eg. (H2O,O2)

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25
Q

Organic molecule

A

Carbon (plus hydrogen)

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26
Q

Biochemical

A

Organic molecule in life

Eg. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

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27
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Functions:

1) principle source of energy (4kcal/g)
2) structure & energy storage in plants

Elements: C, H, O

Basic Structure: ring or chain of 5-6C

28
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Single sugar

Eg. (glucose C6H12O6)

29
Q

Disaccharide

A

Double sugar

Eg. (Sucrose)

30
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Chain of 100’s sugars

Eg. starch + cellulose (plants), glycogen (animals, esp. Liver)

31
Q

Lipids

A

Functions:

1) energy storage (9kcal/g)
2) also animal structure (blubber)

Elements: C, H, O

32
Q

Triglyceride

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

33
Q

Fat

A

Solid, saturated (maximum H’s), promotes heart disease

34
Q

Oil

A

Liquid, unsaturated (missing H’s)

35
Q

Others

A

Phospholipid with phosphate group

Eg. Steroids, waxes

36
Q

Proteins

A

Functions:

1) energy (4kcal/g)
2) structure esp. Animals (meat)
3) enzymes (speed up + reg. Chem rxs)

Elements: C, H, O, N, S

37
Q

Amino acid

A 
Central C
Hydrogen H
Amino group NH2
Carboxyl group COOH
R-group (20 diff)
38
Q

Polypeptide

A

Chain of amino acids

Protein 1+ polypeptides

39
Q

Primary structure (I)

A

Order of amino acids in polypeptide

40
Q

Secondary structure (II)

A

Coiling or folding of polypeptide

41
Q

Tertiary structure (III)

A

Folding of coils / folds (fold again)

42
Q

Quaternary structure (IV)

A

Link to other polypeptides

43
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Function: genetics, not energy

Elements: C, H, O, N, P

Structure: chain of 100’s nucleotides

Eg: DNA, RNA, ATP

44
Q

Ions

A

Charged molecules

45
Q

Anion

A

(Negative) gain electron

46
Q

Cation

A

(Positive) loss electron

47
Q

Ionization

A

Reaction producing ions

48
Q

Salt

A

Neutral molecule release ions

49
Q

Acid

A

Releases H+, burns

50
Q

Base

A

Releases OH-, caustic + slimy

51
Q

pH scale

A

Measure of acidity

52
Q

Acidic pH

53
Q

Neutral pH

54
Q

Alkaline or Basic pH

55
Q

Buffer

A

Chemical that regulates pH, absorbs excess H+ or OH-

Eg: stomach pH2, urine pH 5~7.8, blood pH 7.4

56
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of different chemicals

57
Q

Solute

A

A minor component or substance

58
Q

Solvent

A

Fluid that the solute is dissolved in.

Must form bonds with other chemicals

59
Q

Water

A 
71% of the earth surface, 66% humans
Solid (ice) is less dense than liquid
Absorbs + insulates heat
Cohesive + adhesive
H2O is a polar molecule, opposite of nonpolar
Electrons attracted more to O than to H
O side is more negative than H side.
60
Q

Adhesive

A

Force of attraction between different substances

Eg: glass & water

61
Q

Cohesive

A

Force of attraction between molecules of the same substance.

62
Q

Solubility

A

Ability to dissolve in solvent (water or lipid)

63
Q

Water (soluble) if

A

Polar = hydrophilic

64
Q

Lipid (soluble) if

A

Nonpolar =hydrophobic

65
Q

Functional groups

A

1) hydroxide group - OH
2) amino group - NH2
3) carboxyl group - COOH
4) phosphate group - PO4
5) methyl group - CH3

66
Q

Isotopes

A

Same element with different # neutrons.
Diff mass but same chemical rxs

Eg: hydrogen = 1 proton
Deuterium = 1 proton, 1 neutron
Tritium = 1 proton, 2 neutrons

67
Q

Isomers

A

Share the same formula

Diff molecules with diff arrangement

Bio 11 Test #1 (2 decks)

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