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Bio 11 Test #1 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

0
Q

History

A

(1665) first microscope

(1838) in animals

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1
Q

Cells

A

Smallest unit of life

60-100 trillion in human body, over 200 diff types

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2
Q

Cell theory

A

1) cells are the fundamental unit of life
2) all organisms are composed of cells
3) cells arise only from other cells

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3
Q

Plasma membrane (cell membrane)

A

Outside

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4
Q

Cytosol (cytoplasm)

A

Gelatinous fluid

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5
Q

Organelles

A

“Little organs” inside cell

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6
Q

Cilia

A

Multiple short hair-like

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7
Q

Flagellum

A

Usually 1 or 2, long hair-like

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center

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9
Q

Nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane)

A

Double membrane w/many pores

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10
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Like cytosol

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11
Q

Nucleolus

A

Produces ribosomes

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12
Q

Chromosomes

A

Genetic organelles

Total of 46 in most human cells

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Release energy

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

Produces proteins

Eg: looks like jellybeans

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15
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Circulation

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16
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Covered with ribosomes

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17
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Lack ribosomes

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18
Q

Golgi complex (Golgi body)

A

Packages chemicals

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19
Q

Vesicles

A

Membrane bound packets of chemicals

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20
Q

Vacuoles

A

Store water, huge in plants

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21
Q

Lysosomes

A

Store digestive chemicals

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22
Q

Centrioles (centromere)

A

Animal cells ONLY

Pair organizes cell division

23
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Proteins in cytosol

24
Q

Microtubules

A

Hollow proteins

25
Q

Microfilaments

A

Solid proteins

26
Q

Monera

A
  • Prokaryotic
  • Uni Cell
  • Cell Wall (+)
  • Chloroplasts (-)
  • Centrioles (-)
27
Q

Protista

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Uni Cell
  • Cell Wall (+/-)
  • Chloroplasts (+/-)
  • Centrioles (+/-)
28
Q

Plantae

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multi Cell
  • Cell Wall (+)
  • Chloroplasts (+)
  • Centrioles (-)
29
Q

Fungus

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multi Cell
  • Cell Wall (+)
  • Chloroplasts (-)
  • Centrioles (-)
30
Q

Animalia

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multi Cell
  • Cell Wall (-)
  • Chloroplasts (-)
  • Centrioles (+)
31
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid layer outside plasma membrane

Cellulose binds adjoining cells

32
Q

Central vacuole

A

Huge reservoir in plants (store water)

33
Q

Plastids

A

Specialized vesicles, including chloroplasts

Store chlorophyll for photosynthesis

34
Q

Eukaryotic cells (Kingdoms)

A

In Protista:

Plants, Fungi, Animals

35
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Many membrane, bound organelles

36
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

In bacteria
100 times smaller, more primitive
No nucleus, few organelles, diff cell wall

37
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A 
2 layers of lipids embedded w/ proteins
Both surfaces (phosphate) are water-soluble, interior (fatty acids)
38
Q

Plasma membrane

39
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

2 bolsters

40
Q

Plasma membrane is selectively permeable (ability to go through)

A

Whether a substance can pass through depends on its size + solubility

41
Q

Lipid

A

Soluble substances, dissolve through lipids

42
Q

Water

A

Soluble substances, not permeable unless small enough to fit through protein pores.

43
Q

Passive transport

A

Moves from HIGH => LOW concentration

(Automatic) does not require energy

44
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Random movement

45
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Uses carrier molecules

46
Q

Active transport

A

From LOW => HIGH concentration, used carrier molecules + energy

47
Q

Endocytosis

A

Swallowed by plasma membrane

48
Q

Phagocytosis

49
Q

Pinocytosis

50
Q

Exocytosis

A

Expels or secretes vesicle

51
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through membrane, when water either enters or exits cell

52
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Same concentration outside as inside cell

Dynamic equilibrium, so no net change

53
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Less chemical than inside cell
More water outside cell
Water moves into cell to divide it, so cell gains water, swells or bursts

54
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

More chemical than inside cell
Less water outside cell
Water leaves cell to concentrate it, so cell loses water + shrinks

Bio 11 Test #1 (2 decks)

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