Chemistry Flashcards by Meg and Craig Cramer

number of naturally occurring elements on Earth

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how many of the 92 naturally occurring elements are found in living things

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What is the anagram for the most common elements in living things

SPONCH

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SPONCH stands for what…

Sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen

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What three elements are found in lipids and carbs

Oxygen, Carbon and Hydrogen

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What are the five most abundant elements in the human body (in order)

Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium

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Name four trace elements found in the human body

Iron Iodine (Irritated Indians Salted Potatoes) Sodium Potassium

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Iron is needed in the body for… to do what…

Hemoglobin and it carries oxygen

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Iodine is needed in the body for….to do what….

Thyroid gland function and metabolism

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Sodium is needed in the body for… to do what….

nerve/muscle communication

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Potassium is needed in the body for…. to do what….

Nerve/muscle communication

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2 or more elements that are chemically combined

Compounds

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What are the 2 categories of compounds

Inorganic and organic

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T or F Most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon

True

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What is the most abundant element in inorganic compound

Water is 65 to 95%

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What does carbon dioxide supply

carbon

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T or F Minerals are naturally occurring

True

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Name 2 minerals that are in inorganic compounds

calcium and iron, these are raw materials for building

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What is the name of compounds produced in living organisms?

Organic compounds

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What element is contained in organic compounds?

Carbon

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What are three characteristics of carbon in organic compounds/

Unique bonding long chains form backbone to which other elements attach

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building of macromolecules by living organisms

biosynthesis

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What are 4 types of macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins ad Nucleic acids (Cats Lay Patiently Napping)

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Carbohydrates contain __, __ and __.

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrate?

2 : 1

Carbohydrates are a major source of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Energy

Carbohydrates are characterized by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Size

Name the three carbohydrates by size,

Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Medical Doctor Peter

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?

C₆H₁₂O₆

Monosaccharides are major "\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_" source.

immediate energy

Monosaccharides are called _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

simple sugars

What have the same chemical formulas but different arrangements of atoms?

Polymers

Name three polymers.

Glucose Galactose Fructose

[![]() ](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/126/967/910/q_image_card.jpg?1421299039) What monosaccharide is this?

Glucose

[![]()](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/126/971/455/q_image_thumb.jpg?1421299832) This is an example of what monosaccharide?

Galactose

[![]() ](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/126/972/986/q_image_card.png?1421300522) What monosaccharide is this?

Fructose

What is the general general formula of a disacchride?

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

What are disaccharides called

Double sugars

Disaccharides are a source of

qucik energy

Name three dissaccharide poylmers

Sucrose Lactose Maltose (Sour Lemon Munchies)

What is sucrose and what 2 monosaccharides are combined

Table sugar (glucose + fructose)

What is lactose and what two monosaccharides are combined

Milk sugar (glucose + galactose)

What is maltose and what 2 monsaccharides are combined

Malt (glucose + glucose)

What is dehydrattion synthesis?

it is removing a molecule of water to form a new compound

What is a polysaccharide?

Many units of monosaccharides

True or False. A polysaccharide is a longer term energy storage (approx 24 hours)

True

Amylose and amylopectin are examples of

Polysaccharides (plant starch made by plants) potatoes, rice and corn

Cellulose is an example of

Polysaccharide Wood Made by plants

True or False. Polysaccharides are support for plants

True

True or False. Polysaccharides are easily digested by animals

False

What is glycogen?

Animal starch

Where is gylcogen stored?

in liver and muscle cells

What is the glycemic index?

Rate at which sugar enters the blood

What is hydrolysis?

Breaking process of complex molecules by adding water (opposite of dehydration synthesis))

What elements due lipids contain?

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in lipids?

It is greater. More than 2:1

Fatty acids amd

Fatty acids glycerol (alcohol)

What are several examples of lipids?

Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats Phospholipids Steriods Waxes Pigments

What is a phospholipid?

A lipid bilayer of a cell membrane

True or False. Cholesterol is a lipid

True it is a steroid

Steroids prodeuce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Sex hormones

Name a lipid that is a pigment.

Chlorphyll

True or False. Saturated fats are bad fats.

True

Aturated fats are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_fats

animal

Staurated fats are ________ at room temperature

Solid

Name several examples of saturated fats.

Butter, lard and grease from cooked meats

What is the chemical structure of a saturated fat?

carbon bonded with 2 hydrogen

Saturated fats molecules are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Straight

Unsateruated fats are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_fats

Plant

Unsaturated fats are __________ at room temperature

liquid

Name some unsaturated fats.

Olive oil corn oil and some fish oils

What is the chemical makeup of an unsaturated fat?

CArbon double bonded to one hydrogen

Unsaturated fats are slightly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

twisted bent

What is a hydrogenated fat?

Unsaturated fats that have benn atrificailly saturated by the addition of hydrogen atoms

Hydrogeneated fats are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_solid at room temperature

Solid

Name two hydrogenated fats

Margarine amnd vegetable shortening

What are the most common oganic compunds?

Proteins

What is the chenical makeup of a protein?

Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen and sulfur

What are amino acids?

building blocks

There are how many differnt amino acids?

Amino acids make up \_\_\_\_\_\_\_thousands of different proteins.

Thousands

Proteins are used to _______ and __________ cells

Rebuild Repair

There are how many essential amino acids?

Do you have to eat amino acids daily?

Yes

Name a food containing amino acids.

Milk

Name to amino acids in milk

Tryptophan and lysine

There are ____ nonessential amino acids that your body can make.

What is serine?

a nonessential amino acid that is needed for muscle growth and increased immunity

Name several examples of proteins

Enzymes, antibodies, hemaglobins,hormones and structural proteins