Chemistry 2a Natures Chemistry Flashcards
What does starch and sugar belong to
Carbohydrates
What carbohydrate is used in resperation
Glucose
What’s the molecular formula of glucose
C6 H12 06
What are carbohydrates made of
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What’s the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen
Two to one
What is a complex carbohydrate
Starch
Why is starch a complex hydrocarbon
Because its formed by joining many glucose molecules together
What is used to detect some sugars such as GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE AND MALTOSE
HEATED benedicts solution
What two carbohydrates don’t effect heated benedicts solution
Sucrose and starch
What’s the colour change of benedicts solution when there is a sugar
BLUE to BRICK RED
What is iodine solution used for detecting
Starch
What’s the colour change of iodine solution when starch is present
BROWN TO BLUE/BLACK
What is fermentation
A reaction which breaks down glucose for fruit and vegetables to form alcohol
What is formed during fermentation
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is used as a catalysts for fermentation
An enzyme
What is the limit to alcohol percentage from fermentation
12 percent
Whats a hydroxyl functional group
The -OH that is added on to the end of the molecule
What’s the general formula for a hydroxyl functional group
Cn H2n +1OH
What do the hydroxyl functional groups names all end in
-OL
What functional group is butan-1-ol in
Hydroxyl
Why is larger molecules boiling points larger
Because the longer the hydrocarbon chains makes greater forces of attraction between molecules know as inter molecular forces meaning more energy is required to separate them
What sugars are soluble in water and why
Methanol ethanol and propanol / first three because as the chain length of the molecule increases the solubility of the alcohol decreases
What alcohol is used in drinks
Ethanol
What are achahols usually used for and why
Fuels because they are highly flammable and burn cleanly
What is the carboxyl functional group
-COOH
What do carboxylic acids names all end in
-oic acid
What’s the general formula for carboxylic acids
CnH2n+1COOH
Where is the carboxyl group always
At the end of the chain
What is carboxylic acids used for
Vinegar, cleaning limescale in bathrooms
What is a fuel
A substance that contains energy and burns to release energy
What is a reaction that releases heat energy
Exothermic
What reaction takes in energy
Endothermic
What is hydrocarbon and example of
A fuel
What happens during combustion
A substance burns in oxygen and releases energy
What is produced when a hydrocarbon is burnt in a plentiful supply of oxygen
Carbon dioxide and water
