Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science KS3 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the characteristics of solids

A
  • The particles are packed VERY CLOSELY TOGETHER
  • Each particle exerts a LARGE PULL FORCE on every particle around it
  • A particle can only VIBRATE as it’s FIXED POSITION doesn’t change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid &
Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the characteristics of a liquid

A
  • The particles are packed RELATIVELY CLOSELY TOGETHER
  • Each particle exerts a SMALL PULL FORCE on the particles around it
  • The particles MOVE AROUND in ANY DIRECTION within the liquid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the characteristics of a gas

A

-The particles are FAR APART from each other
-NO PULL FORCE between particles
They MOVE AROUND QUICKLY in ANY DIRECTION within the container

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
Can solids, liquids and gases:
A) be compressed
B) flow
C) keep their shape
D) keep their volume
A

A) Solid- No ⏩ Liquid- No ⏩ Gas- Yes
B) Solid- No ⏩ Liquid- Yes ⏩ Gas- Yes
C) Solid- Yes ⏩ Liquid- Takes shape of bottom of container ⏩
Gas- takes shape of entire container
D) Solid- Yes ⏩ Liquid- Yes ⏩ Gas- No definite volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the densities of solids, liquids and gases?

A

Solid- high density
Liquid- medium density
Gas- very low density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are the metal elements on the periodic table?

A

On the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define mixture

A

A substance made up of the atoms of two or more elements or the molecules of two or more compounds which have not been joined through a chemical reaction
Easy to separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three types of rock?

A

Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example and the characteristics of the three rock types

A

Sedimentary:
-Grainy and crumbly
-May contain fossils
E.G. Sandstone, limestone

Metamorphic:
-Hard and smooth
-Made up of layers or bands of crystals
E.G. Slate, marble

Igneous:
-Hard
-Fast cooling=small crystals, slow cooling=large crystals
E.G. Basalt, granite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain the two processes of weathering in rocks

A

⏩Expansion and contraction: Happens daily due to the changes in day and night temperatures. The forces produced during this cause the rock to peel away in layers.
⏩Freeze thaw: water gets into cracks in rock and freezes. This forces the gaps to widen, causing the rock to split and break up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Layers of sediment pile on top of each other for millions of years. The weight squeezes out water and causes the particles to ceremony together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

Sedimentary rock is forced beneath the earth’s surface and forms metamorphic rock from the heat and pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

If sedimentary rocks are forced deep enough underground they are drawn into magma and come onto the surface as igneous rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of chemical reactions?

A

1) The start and end material(s) will have the same mass.

2) The appearance and behaviour of the material(s) must change between the start and end of the reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are reactants and products?

A

Reactants are used to make the product

The product is what you end up with after using the reactants in some way to change them.

16
Q

What is chemical change?

A

A reaction in which normal conditions can not be reversed. It is impossible to return to the starting material(s), for example photosynthesis, respiration, ripening fruit

17
Q

What are the products of burning?

A
  • Energy from the fuel

- By-products- carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen.

18
Q

Explain global warming

A

The sun heats up the earth surface and the heat energy is radiated back into space. However gases in the atmosphere, one being carbon dioxide, trap some heat energy as it tries to radiate into space.

19
Q

What are the two particular consequences of global warming?

A
  • Polar ice caps melt causing sea levels to rise

- Climate becomes unpredictable making it harder to plant crops in certain areas

20
Q

What are the two main solutions to global warming?

A

Put catalytic converters in cars which change harmful gases from exhaust into harmless nitrogen
Burn less fossil fuels

21
Q

What forms when metals react with:
A) Oxygen
B) Water
C) Acid

A

A) Metal oxide
B) Metal hydroxide OR metal oxide and hydrogen
C) Salt and hydrogen

22
Q

What salts do these acids always produce?
A) Hydrochloric
B) Sulphuric
C) Nitric

A

A) Chloride
B) Sulphate
C) Nitrate

23
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a compound.
In other words a metal higher up in the reactivity series pushes out a metal lower in the series.

24
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A

A list of metals in order of their reactivity:
Very reactive: 1) MOST REACTIVE- Potassium. 2) Sodium. 3) Calcium
Quite reactive: 4) Magnesium. 5) Aluminium. 6) Zinc
Not so reactive: 7) Iron. 8) Tin. 9) Lead. 10) Copper
Not reactive at all: 11) Silver. 12) Gold

25
Q

Describe the pH scale

A

Measures acidity or alkalinity of a substance
1-6 is acid with 1 being very acidic. This is shown as red, orange and yellow in universal indicator
7 is neutral, green in universal indicator
Alkaline is 8-14 with 14 being very alkaline. This is shown as blue to purple on the pH scale.

26
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

Bases are the oxides and hydroxides of metals

Those which are soluble are alkali, otherwise they are base

27
Q

What is produced when a metal carbonate reacts with acid?

A

Salt, carbon dioxide and water

28
Q

Explain neutralisation

A

✅ Acid + Alkali ➡️ Salt + Water

✅ when the correct amounts of acid and alkali are mixed together, they will form a salt and water (neutral)

29
Q

What is acid rain?

A

☔️ Air pollutants dissolve in rainwater, making it acidic
☔️ Normal tap water is neutral (pH 7), acid rain is pH 3-5
☔️ The more pollutants in the water, the lower the pH

30
Q

What are the effects of acid rain on the environment?

A
  • Corrosion damage to metal

- Weathering of rock especially limestone as it contains carbonate which reacts with acid

Science KS3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions