Biology Flashcards
How do plants obtain food?
Through photosynthesis.
What is respiration?
When food is combined with oxygen to release energy. It is done in the cells of all living things
What are the seven life processes?
- Movement- The ability to move parts of the body
- Respiration- The release of energy from food
- Sensitivity- The ability to respond to changes in the surroundings
- Growth- All living things grow, usually until they are adult sized
- Reproduction- Producing offspring
- Excretion- Releasing waste products
- Nutrition- Feeding, needed for growth and movement
How are new cells formed?
Old cells divide into two and grow.
Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Nucleus
Description: Controls all activity in the cell
Plant cells: Yes
Animal cells: Yes
Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Cytoplasm
Description: Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place
Plant cells: Yes
Animal cells: Yes
Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Cell membrane
Description: Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Animal cell: Yes
Plant cell: Yes
Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Cell wall
Description: Rigid non-living box around cell
Animal cell: No
Plant cell: Yes
Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Vacuole
Description: Large space containing sap (mainly water)
Animal cell: No
Plant cell: Almost always
Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Chloroplast
Description: The place where photosynthesis occurs
Animal cells: No
Plant cells: Yes if exposed to light
What are the seven food types, what do we use them for and what is one food that belongs to that type?
Proteins ⏩ Growth and Repair ⏩ E.G. Meat, Fish, Eggs, Beans
Carbohydrates ⏩ Energy ⏩ E.G. Potatoes, Bread, Sweets, Cereals
Fats ⏩ Energy storage & insulation ⏩ E.G. Milk, Butter, Cheese, Meat
Vitamins ⏩ Keeps everything in cells working ⏩Citrus fruits, Fresh Veg
Minerals-iron and calcium)⏩healthy blood, bones&teeth⏩Milk,Liver
Fibre ⏩ Prevents constipation ⏩ E.G. Vegetables, Fruit, Bread
Water ⏩ Replaces lost water through sweat etc ⏩Most food and drink
Why is it important to get the balance of essential nutrients right?
It helps with energy, activity and growth
How do these peoples diets change to suit them?
1) Elderly man
2) Pregnant lady
3) Baby
4) Athlete
1) Less food because he isn’t as active
2) Extra protein and general increase in amount of food eaten
3) Protein for growth and calcium for bone and teeth development
4) Extra protein for muscle building
Define digestion
Using enzymes to break down large insoluble molecules inter smaller soluble molecules so they can be absorbed through the walls of the intestine and into the bloodstream.
What are the functions of these parts of the digestive system?
- Mouth
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
Mouth- Food chewed by teeth and mixed with saliva. Breaks down starch with an enzyme.
Stomach- Acid kills bacteria. Enzymes break protein down.
Small intestine- Breaks down all food into small soluble pieces. All products of digestion absorbed into bloodstream here
Large intestine- Reabsorbs any water from remaining food and leaves all of the waste products to be removed from the body.
Describe enzymes
They are produced by glands to break down large insoluble molecules.
The names of most enzymes end in -ase
How are food molecules transported?
They are absorbed into the bloodstream through blood vessels that penetrate the walls of the intestines. The heart pumps the blood around the body to all the cells that need sugars and fats for energy, proteins to grow or repairing any damage.
What is aerobic respiration and what is the word equation to show it?
The release of energy from the breakdown of glucose.
Equation:
Glucose ➕ Oxygen ⏩ Carbon Dioxide ➕ Water ➕ Energy
Why do we breathe harder and find that our heart beats faster when we exercise?
The more work a cell is doing, the more energy it needs so we respire more.
The heart is pumping faster to get as much energy to different cells and we breathe harder to get more oxygen for respiration.
Why are the lungs so good for gas exchange?
- Huge surface area
- Massive blood supply
- Moist surface
- Very thin walls
Explain gas exchange
It takes place in between the capillaries and the air sacs (alveoli)
Carbon dioxide passes out of the blood and into the air sac as oxygen passes from the air sac and into the blood, to be picked up by red blood cells
Name some effects of smoking
- Tar cause cancer of the lungs, throat, mouth and stomach.
- Carbon monoxide picked up by blood rather than oxygen.
- Emphysema: Constant coughing due to the build up of mucus.
- Bronchitis.
- Arterial attacks: can lead to heart attacks or strokes.
- Increased risk of chest infections.
- Increase on blood pressure due to nicotine narrowing blood vessels and increasing heart rate.
Give examples of inheritance characteristics, environment characteristics and both
Inheritance- Eye colour, hair colour, blood group, gender
Environment- Strength, weight, ability to speak a certain language
Both- Personality, intelligence, stamina, fitness
What are the sub-groups of the animal kingdom?
Vertebrates (with backbone)
Invertebrates (without backbone)
