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Science KS3 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

How do plants obtain food?

A

Through photosynthesis.

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1
Q

What is respiration?

A

When food is combined with oxygen to release energy. It is done in the cells of all living things

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2
Q

What are the seven life processes?

A
  1. Movement- The ability to move parts of the body
  2. Respiration- The release of energy from food
  3. Sensitivity- The ability to respond to changes in the surroundings
  4. Growth- All living things grow, usually until they are adult sized
  5. Reproduction- Producing offspring
  6. Excretion- Releasing waste products
  7. Nutrition- Feeding, needed for growth and movement
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3
Q

How are new cells formed?

A

Old cells divide into two and grow.

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4
Q

Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Nucleus

A

Description: Controls all activity in the cell
Plant cells: Yes
Animal cells: Yes

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5
Q

Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Cytoplasm

A

Description: Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place
Plant cells: Yes
Animal cells: Yes

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6
Q

Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Cell membrane

A

Description: Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Animal cell: Yes
Plant cell: Yes

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7
Q

Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Cell wall

A

Description: Rigid non-living box around cell
Animal cell: No
Plant cell: Yes

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8
Q

Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Vacuole

A

Description: Large space containing sap (mainly water)
Animal cell: No
Plant cell: Almost always

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9
Q

Describe this feature of the cell and say whether it is in plant cells, animal cells or both:
Chloroplast

A

Description: The place where photosynthesis occurs
Animal cells: No
Plant cells: Yes if exposed to light

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10
Q

What are the seven food types, what do we use them for and what is one food that belongs to that type?

A

Proteins ⏩ Growth and Repair ⏩ E.G. Meat, Fish, Eggs, Beans
Carbohydrates ⏩ Energy ⏩ E.G. Potatoes, Bread, Sweets, Cereals
Fats ⏩ Energy storage & insulation ⏩ E.G. Milk, Butter, Cheese, Meat
Vitamins ⏩ Keeps everything in cells working ⏩Citrus fruits, Fresh Veg
Minerals-iron and calcium)⏩healthy blood, bones&teeth⏩Milk,Liver
Fibre ⏩ Prevents constipation ⏩ E.G. Vegetables, Fruit, Bread
Water ⏩ Replaces lost water through sweat etc ⏩Most food and drink

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11
Q

Why is it important to get the balance of essential nutrients right?

A

It helps with energy, activity and growth

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12
Q

How do these peoples diets change to suit them?

1) Elderly man
2) Pregnant lady
3) Baby
4) Athlete

A

1) Less food because he isn’t as active
2) Extra protein and general increase in amount of food eaten
3) Protein for growth and calcium for bone and teeth development
4) Extra protein for muscle building

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13
Q

Define digestion

A

Using enzymes to break down large insoluble molecules inter smaller soluble molecules so they can be absorbed through the walls of the intestine and into the bloodstream.

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14
Q

What are the functions of these parts of the digestive system?

  • Mouth
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
A

Mouth- Food chewed by teeth and mixed with saliva. Breaks down starch with an enzyme.
Stomach- Acid kills bacteria. Enzymes break protein down.
Small intestine- Breaks down all food into small soluble pieces. All products of digestion absorbed into bloodstream here
Large intestine- Reabsorbs any water from remaining food and leaves all of the waste products to be removed from the body.

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15
Q

Describe enzymes

A

They are produced by glands to break down large insoluble molecules.
The names of most enzymes end in -ase

16
Q

How are food molecules transported?

A

They are absorbed into the bloodstream through blood vessels that penetrate the walls of the intestines. The heart pumps the blood around the body to all the cells that need sugars and fats for energy, proteins to grow or repairing any damage.

17
Q

What is aerobic respiration and what is the word equation to show it?

A

The release of energy from the breakdown of glucose.

Equation:
Glucose ➕ Oxygen ⏩ Carbon Dioxide ➕ Water ➕ Energy

18
Q

Why do we breathe harder and find that our heart beats faster when we exercise?

A

The more work a cell is doing, the more energy it needs so we respire more.
The heart is pumping faster to get as much energy to different cells and we breathe harder to get more oxygen for respiration.

19
Q

Why are the lungs so good for gas exchange?

A
  1. Huge surface area
  2. Massive blood supply
  3. Moist surface
  4. Very thin walls
20
Q

Explain gas exchange

A

It takes place in between the capillaries and the air sacs (alveoli)
Carbon dioxide passes out of the blood and into the air sac as oxygen passes from the air sac and into the blood, to be picked up by red blood cells

21
Q

Name some effects of smoking

A
  • Tar cause cancer of the lungs, throat, mouth and stomach.
  • Carbon monoxide picked up by blood rather than oxygen.
  • Emphysema: Constant coughing due to the build up of mucus.
  • Bronchitis.
  • Arterial attacks: can lead to heart attacks or strokes.
  • Increased risk of chest infections.
  • Increase on blood pressure due to nicotine narrowing blood vessels and increasing heart rate.
22
Q

Give examples of inheritance characteristics, environment characteristics and both

A

Inheritance- Eye colour, hair colour, blood group, gender
Environment- Strength, weight, ability to speak a certain language
Both- Personality, intelligence, stamina, fitness

23
Q

What are the sub-groups of the animal kingdom?

A

Vertebrates (with backbone)

Invertebrates (without backbone)

24
Q

What are the five sub-divisions of vertebrates?

A 
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
25
Q

What are some features that could vary in different habitats?

A

Light, temperature, oxygen, water, nutrients

26
Q

Why might an animal adapt?

A

Features of habitat
Seasonal changes
Change to catch prey more efficiently
Adapt to evade predators

27
Q

What are some techniques animals use to adapt to seasonal changes?

A
  • Hibernate
  • Migration
  • Insulation
  • Leaf shedding (plants)
  • Retreating underground (plants)
  • Food storing

Science KS3 (3 decks)

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