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chemistry 2024 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an element?

A

a pure material made up of one type of atom

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2
Q

what makes up a ‘thing’ and on what order?

A
  1. subatomic particle
  2. atom
  3. particle
  4. matter
  5. material
  6. object
    SAPMMO
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3
Q

describe the relationship between elements and atoms

A

an element is a type of atom

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4
Q

how many discovered elements are there currently in the universe

A

118

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5
Q

name 5 objects smaller than atoms

A
  1. gamma ray wavelength
  2. uranium nucleus
  3. electron
  4. proton
  5. neutron
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6
Q

what are particles

A

small objects that make up materials

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7
Q

what are atoms

A

the smallest whole particle making up matter

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8
Q

what are atoms made of

A

subatomic particles

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9
Q

what are examples of subatomic particles

A

protons neutrons and electrons

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10
Q

what are radioactive atoms

A

atoms that release radiation

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11
Q

what is radiation

A

a stream of energy or particles released from atoms that moves through space

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12
Q

what is the periodic table

A

the organised array of chemical elements

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13
Q

what is a proton

A

a subatomic particle with a positive electric charge

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14
Q

what is a neutron

A

an uncharged subatomic particle

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15
Q

what is an electron

A

a negatively charged subatomic particle

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16
Q

what is alpha radiation

A

radiation made of alpha particles

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17
Q

what is beta radiation

A

radiation made of beta particles

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18
Q

what is gamma radiation

A

radiation made of gamma waves

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19
Q

how is the periodic table organised

A

by number of protons in each element

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20
Q

who invented the solid sphere model?

A

john dalton

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21
Q

who invented the periodic table?

A

dmitri mendeleev

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22
Q

who invented the planetary model?

A

niels bohr

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23
Q

who invented the quantum model

A

erwin schrodinger

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24
Q

who invented the plum pudding model

A

jj thomson

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25
Q

who invented the nuclear model

A

ernest rutherford

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26
Q

who invented the modern quantum model

A

james chadwick

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27
Q

do atoms have mass?

A

yes

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28
Q

what makes up atoms?

A

subatomic particles

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29
Q

how do electrons behave in the nucleus?

A

they fly around the nucleus

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30
Q

where are electrons in an atom?

A

around the nucleus

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31
Q

what is the mass of a proton?

A

1 amu

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32
Q

what is the mass of a neutron?

A

1 amu

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33
Q

what is the mass of an electron?

A

0 amu

34
Q

how fast do electrons move in an atom?

A

the speed of light

35
Q

what holds nearly all the mass of an atom?

A

the nucleus

36
Q

what does a nucleus contain?

A

protons and neutrons

37
Q

how does the energy of an electron change if it is further away from the nucleus?

A

the energy is higher

38
Q

how does the energy of an electron change if it is closer to the nucleus?

A

the energy is lower

39
Q

how does the shell of an atom move?

A

orbits

40
Q

what holds protons together in a nucleus?

A

neutrons

41
Q

what does it mean when an atom is neutral?

A

it has the same number of protons as electron

42
Q

where is the nucleus of an atom?

A

the center of the atom

43
Q

why are some isotopes radioactive?

A

is there are too many or not enough neutrons, then a nucleus will be unstables, meaning that the atom is radioactive

43
Q

what are the different forms of radiation

A

particles or waves

44
Q

name the subatomic particles in the nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

44
Q

name the subatomic particles NOT in the nucleus

A

electrons

44
Q

describe the energy and danger level of alpha particles

A

low energy (not dangerous)

45
Q

describe the energy and danger level of beta particles

A

medium energy (can be dangerous)

45
Q

what is half life?

A

the time taken for half atoms to decay

45
Q

what are isotopes?

A

different forms of an element with more or less neutrons than each other

45
Q

describe the energy and danger level of gamma rays

A

high energy (dangerous)

46
Q

what is matter made of?

A

particles

47
Q

what do atoms make up?

A

all the matter in the universe

48
Q

what do subatomic particles make up?

A

atoms

49
Q

what are the 3 subatomic particles?

A

protons, neutrons and electrons

50
Q

which scientist first discovered the nucleus of atoms?

A

Ernest Rutherford

51
Q

Who describved the internal structure of an atom as being like a plum pudding?

A

JJ Thompson

52
Q

Define atomic nucleus

A

a positively charged region at the centre of the atom

53
Q

define electron shells

A

regions surrounding the atomic nucleus containing a specific number of electrons

54
Q

which subatomic particle is constantly in motion

A

electrons

55
Q

what makes an atom radioactive

A

if it has too many of not enough neutrons

56
Q

what is the mass number of a proton

A

1 amu

57
Q

what is the masss number of a neutron

A

1 amu

58
Q

what is the mass number of an electron

A

0 amu

59
Q

what is the charge of a proton

A

positive

60
Q

what is the charge of a neutron

A

neutral

61
Q

what is the charge of an electron

A

negative

62
Q

what is alpha radiation made of

A

alpha particles

63
Q

what is beta radiation made of

A

beta particles

64
Q

what is gamma radiation made of

A

gamma waves

65
Q

what material protects you from all types of radiation

A

lead

66
Q

what material protects you from beta and aplha but not gamma radiation

A

aliminium

67
Q

what material will protect you from alpha radiation but not beta or gamma

A

paper

68
Q

what is the chronological order of atomic models?

A

Solid Sphere model
Periodic table
Plum pudding model
Nuclear Model
Niels Bohr
Quantum Model
Modern Quantum model
=spphhqm

69
Q

explain the key discovery of the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev discovered that elements have similar properties and repeat in cycles

70
Q

explain the key discovery of the solid sphere model

A

John Dalton discovered that atoms are tiny partcles that make up matter

71
Q

explain the key discovery of the plum pudding model

A

JJ Thomson discovered that atoms are made of small negatively charged particles called electrons

72
Q

explain the key discovery of the nuclear model

A

Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms contain a nucleus but are mostly empty space

73
Q

explain the key discovery of the planetary model

A

Niels Bohr discovered that electrons orbit around a nucleus, and these orbits are called shells

74
Q

explain the key discovery of the quantum model

A

Erwin Schrodinger discovered that it is impossible to know an electrons prosition, istead think of a ‘cloud’ of electrons

75
Q

explain the key discovery of the modern quantum model

A

James Chadwick discovered that there are also neutral particles in an atomic nucleus, called neutrons

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