Chemistry Flashcards
What is Chemistry?
The science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different chemical conditions.
What is a substance used in, or produced by, the processes of chemistry ?
Chemical
What is Organic Chemistry ?
The study of living or previously living organisms containing carbon
Inorganic Chemistry
studies substances that do not contain carbon and are not living or alive
Matter
A substance that has mass and occupies space
The simplest form of matter (cannot be broken down)
Element
What is an atom?
the smallest chemical part of an element (all matter consists of atoms)
positively charges particles found in the nucleus
Protons
What are neutrons?
neutral particles found in the nucleus
Atoms are made up of?
Protons, neutrons, electrons, ions, molecules, compound molecules
What are ions?
Atoms containing an excess amount of electrons (or not enough) in their orbiting paths
Positively charges ions (atoms decrease in electrons)
Negatively charged ions (atoms increase in electrons)
A molecule…
Is created when one or more atoms combine to retain their chemical and physical properties to form matter
What are Compound Molecules?
Chemical substances consisting of atoms or ions of two or more elements in definite proportions that cannot be separated by physical means.
Can Compound Molecules be separated by physical means?
No.
Provide an example of a Compound Molecule.
Hydrogen peroxide.
What elements are present in hydrogen peroxide?
Two hydrogen and two oxygen molecules.
the chemical reaction that occurs when oxygen is released from a substance
Oxidation
What is combustion?
the rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by the production of heat and light
Pure substances
Matter that is made up of the same particle & have a definite chemical and physical property
what is a stable mixture of two or more substances?
Solution
A solvent is..
A substance that is capable of dissolving another substance
Ammonia
An organic compound of colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor (composed of nitrogen and hydrogen)
What can be used to neutralize acids or raise the pH. (Less odor & can be used in place of ammonia)
Alkanolamines (viscous, water-soluble amino acids)
Aniline Derivatives
small compounds, aka uncolored dye precursors (hair molecules), found in permanent haircolor.
______________ is a mixture in which small particles of a substance are dispersed throughout gas or liquid
Suspension
What is Emulsion?
the suspension of one liquid in another with will not mix. Ex. Oil in water.
Emulsifier is an ingredient that is used to keep the two incompatible substances together
Paraphenylenediamine & paratoluenediamine are ..
the two types of dye molecules used in analine derivative haircolors
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