Chemistry Flashcards
Define Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
Define Compound
A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
Differentiate between Metal and Non-metal
Metal: Elements that are typically shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and are malleable.
Non-metal: Elements that are dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and brittle when solid.
Differentiate between Group and Period in the periodic table
Group: Vertical columns; elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
Period: Horizontal rows; properties of elements change progressively across a period.
Define Ionic Compounds
Formed when electrons are transferred between atoms, resulting in positive and negative ions.
Define Molecular Compounds
Formed when atoms share electrons.
What is an Ion?
An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charged particle.
What is a Neutral Atom?
An atom with no charge, where the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
What is Atomic Size trend in the periodic table?
Increases as you move down a group and decreases as you move across a period.
What is Electronegativity trend in the periodic table?
Increases across a period and decreases down a group.
What is Ionization Energy trend in the periodic table?
Increases across a period and decreases down a group.
Is toasting bread a physical or chemical change?
Chemical (new substances formed, such as toasted compounds).
Is making Kool-aid a physical or chemical change?
Physical (no new substances, just mixing).
Is lighting a match a physical or chemical change?
Chemical (burning and producing new substances).
Is adding baking soda and vinegar a physical or chemical change?
Chemical (reaction creates new products).
Is boiling water a physical or chemical change?
Physical (only a phase change, no new substances).
Describe the difference between oxygen gas (molecule) and a solution (ketchup) using particle theory
Oxygen Gas: Particles are separate and moving freely.
Solution (Ketchup): Particles are uniformly mixed but remain separate in the solution.
Complete the table for Carbon: Element, Symbol, Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, Protons, Electrons, Neutrons
Element: Carbon
Symbol: C
Atomic Number: 6
Atomic Mass: 12
Protons: 6
Electrons: 6
Neutrons: 6
Draw a Bohr and Lewis diagram for Lithium
2 electrons in the first shell, 1 in the second.
Draw a Bohr and Lewis diagram for Potassium
2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, 8 in the third, 1 in the fourth.
Draw a Bohr and Lewis diagram for Oxygen
2 electrons in the first shell, 6 in the second.
Draw a Bohr and Lewis diagram for Aluminum
2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, 3 in the third.
Identify the elements and count them in 3NaNO₃
Sodium (3), Nitrogen (1), Oxygen (9)
Identify the elements and count them in Ca₃(SO₄)₂
Calcium (3), Sulfur (2), Oxygen (8)
Identify the elements and count them in 2CeH₁₂O₆
Cerium (2), Hydrogen (12), Oxygen (6)
Name three characteristics of Alkali Metals and provide three example elements
Characteristics: Soft, shiny, good conductors of electricity, highly reactive.
Examples: Sodium, Potassium, Lithium.
Name three characteristics of Halogens and provide three example elements
Characteristics: Highly reactive, form salts with metals, non-metals.
Examples: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine.
Name three characteristics of Noble Gases and provide three example elements
Characteristics: Inert, colorless, odorless.
Examples: Helium, Neon, Argon.
Describe the gas test for Oxygen
Glowing splint relights.
Describe the gas test for Carbon Dioxide
Limewater turns cloudy.
Describe the gas test for Hydrogen
Burning splint pops.
What causes the variety of colors in flame tests?
Electrons in atoms absorb energy and move to higher energy levels, then emit energy as light when they fall back to lower levels.
Identify the color produced in flame tests for Strontium
Red.
Identify the color produced in flame tests for Sodium
Yellow.
Identify the color produced in flame tests for Copper
Green.
Identify the color produced in flame tests for Calcium
Orange.
Identify the color produced in flame tests for Potassium
Purple.
Write the Chemical Formula for Potassium nitride
K₃N
Write the Chemical Formula for Aluminum sulfide
Al₂S₃
Write the Chemical Formula for Magnesium oxide
MgO
Write the Chemical Formula for Calcium fluoride
CaF₂
What is the name of NaCl?
Sodium Chloride
What is the name of KCl?
Potassium Chloride
What is the name of Be₃N₂?
Beryllium Nitride
What is the name of MgCl₂?
Magnesium Chloride
Write the chemical name for SO₂
Sulfur Dioxide
Write the chemical name for CF₄
Carbon Tetrafluoride
Write the chemical name for H₂O
Water
Write the chemical name for N₂O₃
Dinitrogen Trioxide
Which bonds are stronger: ionic or molecular?
Ionic bonds are stronger because they involve the transfer of electrons.
H
Hydrogen
He
Helium
Li
Lithium
Be
Beryllium
B
Boron
C
Carbon
N
Nitrogen
O
Oxygen
F
Fluorine
Ne
Neon
Na
Sodium
Mg
Magnesium
Al
Aluminum
Si
Silicon
P
Phosphorus
S
Sulfur
Cl
Chlorine
Ar
Argon
K
Potassium
Ca
Calcium
Ti
Titanium
Mn
Manganese
Fe
Iron
Co
Cobalt
Ni
Nickel
Cu
Copper
Zn
Zinc
Br
Bromine
Ag
Silver
Sn
Tin
I
Iodine
Pt
Platinum
Au
Gold
Hg
Mercury
Pb
Lead
State the main ideas of particle theory
- All matter is made of tiny particles
- Particles are in constant motion
- Particles have spaces between them
- Particles are attracted to each other
- Temperature affects particle movement
