chemistry Flashcards
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What are Group 1 elements called?
Alkali metals.
Why do Group 7 (halogens) get less reactive as you go down?
Outer electron is further from the nucleus, so weaker attraction.
What is ionic bonding?
The transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal.
Why do metals conduct electricity?
They have delocalized electrons that move freely.
What happens in oxidation?
A substance gains oxygen or loses electrons.
What is the reactivity series?
A list of metals in order of their reactivity.
Why do catalysts speed up reactions?
They lower the activation energy.
What is electrolysis?
Breaking down a compound using electricity.
What forms at the anode in electrolysis of brine?
Chlorine gas (Cl₂).
What is the collision theory?
Particles must collide with enough energy to react.
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that releases heat.
What is bond energy?
The energy needed to break bonds.
What is crude oil?
A mixture of hydrocarbons.
What is fractional distillation?
Separating hydrocarbons by boiling point.
What gases cause global warming?
CO₂, CH₄ (methane).
How is water purified?
Filtration, sedimentation, chlorination.
