biology

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

It contains DNA and controls cell activities.

Question 2

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 2

They release energy through respiration.

Question 3

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 3

They make proteins.

Question 4

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 4

They absorb light for photosynthesis.

Question 5

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) have no nucleus; eukaryotic cells (plants & animals) have a nucleus.

Question 6

What is mitosis?

Answer 6

Cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.

Question 7

What is diffusion?

Answer 7

The movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Question 8

What is osmosis?

Answer 8

The movement of water from high to low water concentration through a membrane.

Question 9

What is active transport?

Answer 9

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy.

Question 10

What are the three main types of digestive enzymes?

Answer 10

Amylase (starch → sugars), protease (proteins → amino acids), lipase (fats → fatty acids & glycerol).

Question 11

What does bile do?

Answer 11

Neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats.

Question 12

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 12

Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.

Question 13

How does the heart pump blood?

Answer 13

The right side pumps blood to the lungs, the left side pumps it around the body.

Question 14

What do arteries do?

Answer 14

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Question 15

What do veins do?

Answer 15

Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Question 16

What do capillaries do?

Answer 16

Allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Question 17

What are pathogens?

Answer 17

Microorganisms that cause disease.

Question 18

What are the four main types of pathogens?

Answer 18

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists.

Question 19

How do white blood cells protect the body?

Answer 19

They engulf pathogens, produce antibodies, and create antitoxins.

Question 20

How do vaccines work?

Answer 20

Introduce weakened pathogens to stimulate antibody production.

Question 21

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen.

Question 22

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 22

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy.

Question 23

What is anaerobic respiration in humans?

Answer 23

Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy (without oxygen).

Question 24

Why do muscles get tired during exercise?

Answer 24

Lactic acid builds up, causing fatigue.

Question 25

What is homeostasis?

Answer 25

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

Question 26

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 26

Detects stimuli and coordinates responses.

Question 27

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 27

Sensory, relay, motor.

Question 28

What does insulin do?

Answer 28

Lowers blood sugar levels.

Question 29

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 29

Filter waste and regulate water balance.

Question 30

What is a gene?

Answer 30

A section of DNA that codes for a protein.

Question 31

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 31

A double helix.

Question 32

What is natural selection?

Answer 32

Survival of the fittest; better-adapted organisms pass on genes.

Question 33

What is selective breeding?

Answer 33

Humans breeding organisms for desired traits.

Question 34

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 34

A community of organisms and their environment.

Question 35

What are producers?

Answer 35

Organisms that make their own food (e.g., plants).

Question 36

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 36

The movement of carbon through the atmosphere, organisms, and the Earth.

Question 37

What is biodiversity?

Answer 37

The variety of life in an ecosystem.