Chemistry Flashcards
States of matter, changes of state, separating techniques, atoms, isotopes
What are the three states of matter?
Gas, liquid, solid
Describe gas
Compressible, most energy, weakest bonds, flying in random direction
Describe liquid
Bonded together, flow over each other, can move to fit container
Describe solid
Fixed shape and volume, vibrate on the spot, strongest forces, weakest energy
Evaporation
Liquid -> gas
Melting
Solid -> liquid
Freezing
Liquid -> solid
Condensing
Gas -> liquid
What changes in isotopes?
Number of neutrons or mass number
What’s the mass of protons?
1
What’s the mass of neutrons?
1
What’s the mass of electrons?
Negligible 1/1837
What is filtration used for?
To separate insoluble substances from a solution
What is crystallisation used for?
To separate a solute from its solvent
What is distillation used for?
To separate a mixture of liquids
What is chromatography used for?
To separate mixture of soluble substances
Rf value
Distance moved by substances / distance moved by solvent
