Biology

Question 1

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 2

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 2

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 3

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 3

Controls the cell and contains DNA

Question 4

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 4

Liquid substance that covers the cell, where most chemical reaction take place

Question 5

What does mitochondria do?

Answer 5

Aerobic respiration, provides energy for the cell

Question 6

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 6

Make proteins

Question 7

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 7

Photosynthesis

Question 8

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 8

Provides support for cell

Question 9

What does the vacuole do?

Answer 9

Stores water

Question 10

What do plasmids do?

Answer 10

Extra rings of DNA

Question 11

What is the flagellum for?

Answer 11

‘Tail’ that allows bacteria to move

Question 12

What is differentiation?

Answer 12

A process that involves gaining new sub-cellular structures to fit the cells role

Question 13

How have sperm cells adapted?

Answer 13

Acrosome - to break into egg cell
Flagellum - to swim to the egg
Lots of mitochondria - to have the energy needed to reach the egg cell

Question 14

How have egg cells adapted?

Answer 14

Special cell membrane - only accepts one sperm
Lots of mitochondria - to have the energy needed to develop embryo

Question 15

How have ciliates epithelial cells adapted?

Answer 15

Cilia - waft bacteria down airways trapped in mucus into stomach acid

Question 16

How have root hair cells adapted?

Answer 16

Large surface area - to absorb more water/minerals
Lots of mitochondria - needs energy to transport nutrients

Question 17

How have red blood cells adapted?

Answer 17

No nucleus - more space to carry oxygen
Biconcave shape - more space for oxygen

Question 18

Magnification equation

Answer 18

Size of image / size of object

Question 19

What are enzymes?

Answer 19

Biological catalysts that speed up reactions

Question 20

How do enzymes break down food?

Answer 20

Enzymes have specific active sites that bind to the substrate and break it down. They can be used several times before dying.

Question 21

What breaks down starch?

Answer 21

Amylase

Question 22

What breaks down maltose?

Answer 22

Maltase

Question 23

What breaks down proteins?

Answer 23

Protease (pepsin and trypsin)

Question 24

What breaks down lipids?

Answer 24

Lipase

Question 25

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 25

Amino acids

Question 26

What are lipids broken down into?

Answer 26

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 27

What effects enzymes?

Answer 27

Temperature and pH

Question 28

What happens to enzymes when the temperature becomes too hot?

Answer 28

Binds holding enzymes together break

Question 29

What happens if the pH is too far from neutral?

Answer 29

Enzymes active site will change before denaturing

Question 30

What do you use to test for starch?

Answer 30

Iodine solution

Question 31

What do you use to test for sugars?

Answer 31

Benedict’s solution

Question 32

What do you use to test for proteins?

Answer 32

Biuret test

Question 33

What do you use to test for fats?

Answer 33

Emulsion test

Question 34

What is osmosis?

Answer 34

The movement of water molecules from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution (high concentration to low concentration) acrosss a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 35

In digestion what happens in the mouth?

Answer 35

Mechanical break down with chewing which increase the surface area for chemical break down with saliva

Question 36

In digestion what happens in the Oesophagus?

Answer 36

Peristalsis carries food to stomach

Question 37

In digestion what happens in the Stomach?

Answer 37

Continuing to break down foods, this is where enzymes are used

Question 38

In digestion what happens in the small intestine?

Answer 38

Absorbs nutrients

Question 39

In digestion what happens in the Large intestine?

Answer 39

Absorbs water

Question 40

In digestion what happens in the Rectum?

Answer 40

Stores faeces

Question 41

In digestion what happens in the Anus?

Answer 41

Egestion (getting rid of waste)

Question 42

In digestion what happens in the Pancreas?

Answer 42

Makes enzymes

Question 43

In digestion what happens in the Gall bladder?

Answer 43

Makes bile

Question 44

Define mitosis

Answer 44

The division of a nucleus into two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 45

What’s the first stage of mitosis?

Answer 45

Interphase - the DNA of the cell is replicated

Question 46

What’s the second stage of mitosis?

Answer 46

Prophase - The nucleus membrane breaks down

Question 47

What’s the third stage of mitosis?

Answer 47

Metaphase - DNA lines up in the middle of the cell

Question 48

What’s the fourth stage of mitosis?

Answer 48

Anaphase - the DNA splits into two

Question 49

What’s the fifth stage of mitosis?

Answer 49

Telophase - cell splits in an equal amount on each side

Question 50

What the final stage of mitosis?

Answer 50

Cytokinesis - the cell is now a clone of the mother cell