Chemistry

Question 1

Describe the structure of an atom

Answer 1

An atom consists of a nucleus at its center, containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons that move in orbits around the nucleus

Question 2

Do protons and electrons have the same charge?

Answer 2

No, protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge

Question 3

Define the role of neutrons in an atom

Answer 3

Neutrons provide stability to the nucleus by acting as a binding force that mitigates the repulsive forces between positively charged protons

Question 4

What does the mass of an atom primarily come from?

Answer 4

The mass of an atom primarily comes from the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, as they are significantly heavier than electrons

Question 5

Explain the significance of atomic mass units

Answer 5

Atomic mass units (AMU) provide a manageable way to express the mass of atoms, with protons and neutrons weighing approximately 1 atomic unit each, while electrons weigh about 0.549 amu

Question 6

What is the relationship between atomic number and protons?

Answer 6

The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons found in that element, which is consistent across all atoms of that element

Question 7

How can you determine the number of neutron in an atom?

Answer 7

The number of neutrons is determined by subtracting the atomic number by the mass number

Question 8

Describe the importance of electrical charge in atomic structure

Answer 8

Electrical charge is fundamental to atomic structure as opposites attract; the positive charge of protons attracts the negative charge of electrons, keeping them within the atom

Question 9

How do electrons behave in relation to the nucleus?

Answer 9

Electrons move rapidly in orbits around the nucleus but do not collide with protons due to their high speed and the attractive force between them

Question 10

What does the atomic mass of an element indicate?

Answer 10

The atomic mass indicates the total number of protons and neutrons in an element

Question 11

How does the periodic table represent elements?

Answer 11

Each element in the periodic table is represented by a box that contains its atomic number and atomic mass

Question 12

Why are electrons typically disregarded in mass calculations of atoms?

Answer 12

Electrons are typically disregarded in mass calculations because their mass is so small compared to that of protons and neutrons

Question 13

What is the charge of neutrons?

Answer 13

Neutrons carry no charge

Question 14

What happens to electrons due to their rapid motion?

Answer 14

Electrons move too swiftly to be pulled into direct contact with protons, resulting in them orbiting around the nucleus

Question 15

How does the atomic number differ between hydrogen and oxygen?

Answer 15

Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1, indicating 1 proton, while oxygen has an atomic number of 8, indicating 8 protons

Question 16

Define isotopes and their significance in chemistry

Answer 16

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They share the same chemical properties but have different masses

Question 17

What is an ion and how does it form?

Answer 17

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that carries an electrical charge. It forms when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in an imbalance between protons and electrons

Question 18

Describe the charge of an atom when it becomes a negatively charged ion

Answer 18

When an atom gains an extra electron, it becomes negatively charged because it has more electrons than protons

Question 19

Define a cation

Answer 19

A cation is a type of ion that carries a positive charge, formed when an atom loses electrons

Question 20

Define an anion

Answer 20

An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons

Question 21

How are sugbshells categorized within shells?

Answer 21

Subshells are categorized by the letters s, p, d, and f, with each shell containing a specific number of subshells

Question 22

List the sugbshells and their maximum electron capacities

Answer 22

S2, P6, D10, F14

Question 23

Define the octet rule

Answer 23

The octet rule states that atoms prefer to have eight electrons in their outermost shell to achieve stability

Question 24

Define ionic bonds

Answer 24

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms

Question 25

Define covalent bonds

Answer 25

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms typically between nonmetals