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Science year 5 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

I draw experiments with…

A

I draw experiments with a PENCIL and a STENCIL.

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2
Q

a test tube looks like…

A
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3
Q

I draw a beaker like this …

A
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4
Q

I draw an evaporating basin like this…

A
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5
Q

I draw a funnel and filter paper like this…

A
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6
Q

I draw a clamp stand and boss like this…

A
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7
Q

Some equipment I need doesn’t appear on the stencil.

A

beehive stand,

bung or stopper,

delivery tube and

thermometer

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8
Q

Some equipment that I need is not drawn in my experiments unless asked for:

A

safety googles

tweezers

stirring rod

tongs

test tube holder

splint

spatula

pestle and mortar

watch-glass

measuring cylinder

pipette

stop-watch

scales

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9
Q

to light a Bunsen burner it is important that I follow this routine IN ORDER:

A
  1. Check the rubber tubing is secure.
  2. Close the air hole by turning the collar.
  3. Hold a lighted splint over the chimney.
  4. Turn the gas on slowly but fully.
  5. Put out the lighted splint.
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10
Q

I can change the height of the flame on a Bunsen burner by…

A

I can change the height of the flame by half closing the gas tap. The air hole controls how much air gets in to help burn the gas. The more air means more oxygen which means more gas is burned so the flame gets hotter.

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11
Q

When the air hole on a Bunsen burner is completely CLOSED the flame is…

A

yellow

sooty

quiet

and not hot enough for heating

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12
Q

When the air hole on a Bunsen burner is completely OPEN the flame is …

A

blue

roaring

hot enough for vigorous heating

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13
Q

The hottest part of a Bunsen burner flame is…

A

the top of the inner blue cone when the air hole is fully open.

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14
Q

The coolest part of a Bunsen burner is …

A

inside the base of the inner blue cone where the gas hasn’t yet burned.

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15
Q

My world is made up of tiny building blocks called…

A

ATOMS.

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16
Q

Atoms join together to form …

A

MOLECULES

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17
Q

Molecules join together to form ….

A

all the substances I know and see around me every day.

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18
Q

A pencil is made of…

A

wood and graphite. Both wood and graphite are actually made of Carbon (C). Carbon is very common. It contains only carbon atoms which makes it a pure substance (an element).

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19
Q

An element is a substance which …

A

is made up of only one type of atom.

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20
Q

The Periodic Table shows me …

A

the names of all of the elements and their scientific symbols.

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21
Q

The symbol for the element gold is

A

Au

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22
Q

different elements have different

A

properties. They behave differently.

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23
Q

Some examples of different properties are..

A

some substances are magnetic, others are non-magnetic.

Some are good conductors of energy.

Some are good insulators.

Some are solids, some are liquids and some are gases.

24
Q

All substances can exist in three states of matter. These are:

A

Solid

Liquid

Gas

It depends on the temperature.

25
Q

Describe the atoms in a solid.

A
  1. The atoms in a solid are packed very tightly together but are vibrating with energy all the time about fixed points.
  2. fixed volume.
  3. fixed shape.
26
Q

Describe the atoms in a liquid

A
  1. The atoms in a liquid are free to slide over each other but remain bonded together. Liquids vibrate with more energy than in a solid.
  2. a fixed volume
  3. not a fixed shape - liquids will take the shape of their container when the container is full.
27
Q

Describe the atoms in a gas ..

A
  1. The atoms in a gas have so much more energy than atoms in a liquid or solid that they collide so much more often that eventually they break away from each other and move in any direction that they can.
  2. no fixed volume - changes depending on size of container
  3. no fixed shape -spread out and fill container
28
Q

I can change the state of matter of a substance by

A

altering its temperature.

29
Q

Water (Hydrogen Hydroxide or H2O) has a freezing point of..

A

0oC

30
Q

As a solid, water is called…

A

ice.

31
Q

When you heat ice…

A
  1. This causes the atoms to collide more often forcing them to move apart.
  2. This causes the ice to MELT. It becomes liquid water.
  3. The point at which it melts is called the MELTING POINT.
32
Q

If the temperature of liquid water increases enough …

A

at 100oC, the BOILING POINT, liquid water will boil and EVAPORATE to become

  1. visible steam
  2. then an invisible gas called water vapour.
33
Q

the test for pure water is ..

A

that it boils at 100oC exactly. Water that isn’t pure will have a different boiling point.

34
Q

What temperature does evaporation occur at?

A

Evaporation can occur at any temperature.

A puddle on the ground doesn’t need to boil before it evaporates.

The warming action of the sun or the gentle action of the wind can give surface molecules enough energy to evaporate.

35
Q

What happens if you cool a gas down?

A

If you cool down a gas:

  1. the molecules give up some of their energy,
  2. there are fewer collisions,
  3. the gaps between the molecules decrease; and
  4. the gas CONDENSES to become a liquid.
36
Q

What happens if you cool a liquid down?

A

If you cool a liquid down, you SOLIDIFY it.

If you call water down, we call this FREEZING it, but we use SOLIDIFYING for everything else.

37
Q

What happens if you cool water down to -273oC?

A

The atoms in the water stop vibrating altogether. This is called Absolute Zero.

38
Q

The water cycle on earth involves:

A

the water cycle on earth involves

  • Ice MELTING to liquid water
  • water EVAPORATING to steam/water-vapour (gas)
  • steam/water-vapour (gas) CONDENSING to liquid water
  • liquid water FREEZING (SOLIDIFYING) to solid ice.
39
Q

What is sublimation? Give two examples of substances which do this.

A

Sublimation is where a substance goes straight from being a solid to a gas.

Iodine (I2) and solid carbon dioxide (CO2) both SUBLIME.

40
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is when two or more elements are mixed together but the atoms are NOT chemically joined together.

Mixtures can be separated easily. For example Iron (Fe) and Sulphur (S) and mix together. They can be easily separated using a magnet.

If I mix water and sugar together the molecules mix up but do not join together. They can be separated fairly easily. These are easily reversible changes, PHYSICAL changes.

41
Q

What is a compound?

A

Compounds form when two or more elements combine, but this time the atoms are joined together by some CHEMICAL REACTION.

Very often the names of compounds are a bit like the compounds themselves because the names of the elements in the compound are joined together e.g. copper sulphate and sodium chloride.

42
Q

What happens when hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms combine so that their atoms are joined?

A

It forms hydrogen hydroxide (H2O - better known as water).

43
Q

What is Sodium?

What is Chlorine?

What happens if I combine the two in a chemical reaction?

A

Sodium is a soft shiny metal which reacts vigourously in water.

Chlorine is a poisonous green gas.

Sodium + Chlorine => Sodium Chloride

Sodium Chloride is better known as salt. I put this on my chips!

44
Q

Give some examples of some important chemical reactions.

A
  1. Burning fossil fuels like liquid oil, solid coal and natural gas to release energy is very important in our daily lives.
  2. Baking cakes and making concrete are important reactions that use chemical changes.
  3. Rusting is an everyday chemical reaction that is NOT helpful.
45
Q

Give an example of a word equation.

A

Sodium + Chlorine => Sodium Chloride

The arrow denotes “reacts to make”. The substance on the right of the arrow is the result, or product of the reaction.

I always write the metal down first and the non-metals after that.

46
Q

What are the basic rules of compound endings?

Two elements together give what ending?

Give an example.

A

Two elements together give an -IDE ending.

Zinc + Oxygen => Zinc Oxide

47
Q

basic rules of compound endings:

What is the compound ending of a compound made from two elements together where one is a metal and the other is Oxygen?

Give an example using a word equation.

A

Metal OXIDE.

Zinc + Oxygen => Zinc Oxide

48
Q

Basic rules of compound endings:

What is the ending of a compound made from two elements together where one is a non-metal and the other is Oxygen?

Give an example using a word equation.

A

non-metal DIoxide

Carbon + Oxygen => Carbon Dioxide

49
Q

Basic rules of compound endings:

What is the ending of a compound made from three elements together one of which is Oxygen.

Give an example using a word equation.

A

-ATE.

Copper + Sulphur + Oxygen => Copper Sulphate

50
Q

Lab Safety Rules

A

Do not enter the laboratory without permission.

Do not run in the laboratory.

Do not sit on benches or kneel on stools without permission.

Do not leave experiments unattended, particularly when using a a Bunsen burner.

Do Not interfere with other boys’ experiments.

Do Not touch apparatus or chemicals without permission.

Do not put anything in your mouth without permission.

Do Not put waste solids in the sink.

Do take care of apparatus. Do not place it where it may roll off the bench or be knocked over.

51
Q

Lab Safety Rules:

What should you do?

A
  1. Do take care of apparatus. Do not place it where it may roll of the bench or be knocked over.
  2. Do report accidents immediately to your teacher. Broken glass must be put in the special bin.
  3. Do wear safety goggles when told to do so.
  4. Do tuck your tie in when using a Bunsen burner
  5. Do wash your hands after handling chemicals or harmful materials. If chemicals get on any part of your body wash them off immediately.
  6. Do take note of special safety instructions given to you for particular experiments.
  7. Do act in sensible manner at all times.
52
Q

What is heat?

A

Heat is the total thermal energy contained in a system.

53
Q

What is temperature?

A

Temperature is a measurement of the average amount of energy contained by the particles in that system.

54
Q

What is a conductor? Give an example.

A

A conductor is a material that allows energy to pass through it.

Metals are good conductors e.g. copper

55
Q

What is an insulator? Give an example.

A

An insulator is a material that prevents or minimises the transfer of energy.

Cotton wool is a good example of an insulator.

Science year 5 (3 decks)

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