Chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of hydrogen and carbon, there are three types of hydro carbons : Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne. Covalent bonding. Each carbon needs 4 bonds.
What is an alkane
An alkane is a single bonded, saturated hydrocarbon. The equation for it is CnH2n(+2). So for methane with 1 carbon it is C1H4.
What is a alkene?
An alkene is a double bonded unsaturated hydrocarbon, it is unsaturated so easier to break down. The equation is CnH2n. There is no methENE because methane cant have double or triple bonds. So for ethene it is C2H4.
What is an alkyne?
An alkyne is a triple bonded , unsaturated hydrocarbon with the formula CnHn. For ethyne it is C2H2. For propyne though it is C3H4 for butyne it is C4H6.
Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding is when two non metal bond or share electrons. For example oxygen needs 2 electrons to have a full outer shell and thats why it needs two hydrogens for a full outer shell.
Ionic bonding.
Bond metal (givers who give their electrons) and non metals who take the electrons. For example Sodium which is a giver a metal, has 1 valence electron and clorine needs 1 to have a full outer shell so sodium gives 1 electron to chlorine. Sodium gets positive charge and chlorine gets negative charge.
What is the difference of climate and weather.
Climate is the average weather conditions for a particular location over a long period of time, Weather is the temperature this day or right now like it is sunny now or like 20 degrees.
What influences climate
Latitude (distance from the equator affects temperature and sunliht) Altitude (Higher elevations affects temperature and sunlight) Ocean currents , Topography, Air masses.
Balancing chemical equations
The reactants have to equal the products (Law of conservation) . Chemical equations show what happens during a reaction.
Combustion
Combustion is burning. CH4 (methane) + 02 (energy) CO2 +H20 .
Fire Triangle
Heat, Fuel, Oxygen (combustion)
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle is natures way of reuising carbon atoms, and it shows the way carbon cycles around and goes up in the atmosphere causing more climate change. The steps of the carbon cycle is the CO2 from the atmosphere is used up by plants along with sunlight for, Photosynthesis (Formula: CO2 + H2O (energy) -> C6H12O6 + 02 ) which is a process that breaks down CO2 into compounds that can be used as nutrition by the plants, in this process oxygen is released, and carbon is transferred to the humans/ animals that eat these plants. Then in the night there is respiration and that is when it releases the carbon back into the atmosphere or soil, (breathing) ( C6H12O6 + 02 -> CO2 + H2O) In addition when humans or animals die and their bodies decay and decompose the carbon gets transferred to the earth were the remains have been around so long they turn into fossil fuels and hydrocarbons that later gets burned (cumbustion) to create energy making carbon get up into the atmosphere and causing global warming.
Crude Oil
Unproccessed oil ; mixture of hydrocarbons
Fractional Distillation
Seperation of a mixture into its boiling parts. For Crude oil different fractions need to be broken down to be valuable, to do this you boil. small chains of molecules are on the top of the collumn (lower temperature and boiling point to break down) and longer chain molecules (bottomn of a collumn more energy, .
