Chemistry Flashcards
What are elements?
Materials made of atoms
What is an atom?
Smallest particle that makes up an element
What does an atom consist of?
A nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud
What are the 3 components of a nucleus and electron cloud?
-protons, neutrons, electrons
What do atoms consist of?
Nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud
What are the definitions of the 3 particles?
Proton- Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron-Neutrally charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Electron-Negatively charged particle in the electron cloud
What are Isotopes?
Element with the same number of protons, different number of neutrons
What are chemical bonds?
Invisible links that hold together an atom
How are positively and negatively ions structured?
+: cations, lose electrons
-: Anions, gain electrons
How many naturally occurring minerals does the universe contain?
92
What atomic numbers formed from the Big Bang?
1-5
Where did the other 87 come from?
Steller Nucleosynthesis
What do you need for Steller Nucleosynthesis to occur?
Hydrogen
What needs to happen to produce anything with an atomic number higher than 26?
A star must die
What are refractory minerals and how do they form?
Rocks, and when silicon and oxygen bond in metals
What are volatile minerals? Describe them
Gas, have a tendency to evaporate and exist at the surface of the earth
What planets are refractory/volatile?
Inner 4- Refractory, Outer 4-Volatile
What is the Earth’s magnetic field?
Region of the Earth that is affected by a magnet, this could attract or repel
What is our first line of defense from solar radiation?
Our magnetic field
What is the Earth’s atmosphere?
Mixture of gas held together by gravity
What two gases make up 99% of our atmosphere?
Oxygen-21% and Nitrogen 78%
