Chemistry Flashcards
Organic Compounds
Those containing the element Carbon
*except: CO, CO2, HCO3-, CO3 2-
Element vs Compound
- Element: Lead (Pb)
* Compound: Formaldehyde (HCHO)
Inorganic Compounds
All other compounds e.g. CO2, H2O, NH3, H2S
Atomic number
- number of protons in the nucleus of an element
* all isotopes of an element have the same atomic number
Atomic mass
Total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons) in the nucleus
Isotopes
Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons (same atomic #, different atomic mass)
Molecular formula
Shows the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
Molecular weight
The sum of the atomic weights for each molecule
*useful for converting btw moles & g
how many moles of calcium chloride (CaCl2) are present in 15.0g of CaCl2?
40.08 + (2 x 35.45) = 110.98
(1 mol/ 110.98 g CaCl2) x 15g = 0.135 mol CaCl2
A packet contains 3g of sugar formula (C12H22O11). How many moles?
(12x12)+(1x22)+(11x16)=342 g
(1mol/ 342g) x 3g = 0.0088 moles
What’s molarity of 1mg of RDX (C3H6N6O6) in 20mL of water?
(12x3)+(6x1)+(6x14)+(16x6)= 222 g
(1mg/20mL) x (g/1000mg) x (mol/222g) x (1000mL/1L)= 0.000225 M
Molarity
The number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution
M= moles of solute/ liter of solution
= moles/liter
Normality
Number of equivalents of solute in 1 L of the solution, N
- Number of equivalents= mass/ (molecular weight/charge on dissociated species)
- Normality= Number of equivalents /volume of solution in liters
Calculate the normality of a 1L solution of nitric acid (80μg) HNO3,
HNO3-> H+ + NO3-
*Mass= 80μg x (1mg/10^3 μg) x (g/10^3 mg) = 80 x 10^-6
Mol weight of HNO3= 1+14+(163)= 63 g/mol
*# of equivalents= mass/(mol weight/charge)
80x10^-6g/(63 g/mol/ 1)= 1.269x 10^-6
*normality= #of equivalents/volume
1.269x10^-6/1 = 1.3 x 10^-6 N
Calculate the normality for a 2L solution containing 3mg AlCl3,
AlCl3-> Al2+ + 3Cl-
*Mass= 3mg x (g/1000mg)= 3x10^-3 g
*mol weight of AlCl3= [26.98+ (35.45 x 3)]= 133.33 g/mol
*# of equivalents= mass/ (mol weight/charge)
3x10^-3 g/ (133.33/3)= 6.75 x 10^-5
*normality= #of equivalents/volume
6.75 x 10^-5/ 2L = 3.38 x 10^-5 N