Chemistry Flashcards
If the number of neutrons changes within an atom, then what new form of that atom has been created?
a. an ion
b. an isotope
c. an element
d. a cation
B
- Hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) can be combined to make water (H2O). In this situation, water is the
a. product
b. reactant
c. enzyme
d. substrate
A
- The contents of the human stomach are very acidic, whereas the interior of the small intestine that receives the food from the stomach tends to be basic. Relative to that of the stomach, the pH of the small intestine should be
a. higher
b. lower
c. equal
d. neutral
A
- Two pure substances are combined to make a third substance by sharing electrons evenly between them. The type of bond described is a
a. hydrogen bond
b. ionic bond
c. polar covalent bond
d. nonpolar covalent bond
D
- Water is used as a reactant during which of the following types of reactions?
a. dehydration synthesis
b. hydrolysis
c. condensation
d. both a and c
B
- Monosaccharides are to polysaccharides as amino acids are to
a. nucleic acids
b. dipeptides
c. polynucleotides
d. polypeptides
D
- All of the following are considered lipids except
a. waxes
b. oils
c. sugars
d. fats
C
- If a triathlete is preparing for a race and needs sustained energy, which of the following foods would be best to consume shortly before the competition?
a. beef jerky for complete proteins
b. fruit juice for simple sugars
c. pasta for complex carbohydrates
d. nuts for healthy fats
C
- Which of the following macromolecules is responsible for storing the genetic code?
a. DNA
b. proteins
c. RNA
d. phospholipids
A
- Protons are
a. used to determine mass number
b. positive in charge
c. used to determine atomic number
d. all of the above
D
- What is a common metric unit of mass used in the laboratory?
G kg
- What is a common metric unit of length used for measuring small objects in the laboratory?
Cm mm
- What is a common metric unit of volume used in the laboratory?
ml
- What is a common metric unit of pressure used in the laboratory?
Milliliter of mercury
- What is a common metric unit of energy?
Joule
- What is the metric prefix that represents 1,000?
Kilo
- What is the metric prefix that represents 1/1000?
Mili
- What is the metric prefix that represents 1/100?
Centi
- What is the metric prefix that represents 10^–9?
Nano
- What is the metric prefix that represents 10^6?
Mega
- Which metric unit is most appropriate for expressing the mass of an adult human?
Kg
- Which metric unit is most appropriate for recording the volume of a child’s wooden block?
Cubic centimeters
- Which metric unit would a scientist use to measure the temperature on a warm autumn day?
C*
- Which metric unit is most often used for small doses of solid medications?
mg
- Which SI base unit is named after a person?
Kelvin or ampere
- Which English unit is most similar in volume to a liter?
Quart
- Which English unit is most similar in length to a meter?
Yard
- How many fluid ounces are in a cup?
8
- An Olympic swimmer competes in the 100-meter freestyle. What is the comparableEnglish unit?
Yard
- If a wooden board’s width is 6 in., what is an appropriate metric unit to express this width?
Cm
- Which phase of matter doesn’t have a definite shape or a definite volume under normal conditions?
Gas
- Which phase of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?
Solid
- Which phase of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of the containerthat it’s in?
Liquid
- When matter changes from a liquid to a solid, which phase change is it going through?
Freezing
- When matter changes from a gas to a liquid, which phase change is it going through?
Condensation
- When matter changes from a liquid to a gas, which phase change is it going through?
Vaporization
- When matter changes from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid in between, which phase change is it going through?
Sublimation
- When matter changes from a gas to a solid without becoming a liquid in between, which phase change is it going through?
Deposition
- Gold
Pure substance
Element
- Table sugar
Pure
Compound
- Fresh air
Mix homogeneous
- Oxygen
Pure
Element
- Vegetable soup
mixture heterogeneous.
- Fruit salad
mixture heterogeneous
- Calcium
Pure
Element
- Concrete
Mix het
- Smog
Mix heterogeneous
- Which type of property of matter doesn’t depend on the amount of the substance that’s present?
Intensive
- Which type of change involves a change in the form of a substance?
Physical
- Which type of change involves a change in the identity of a substance?
Chemical
- Which type of property of matter depends on exactly how much of the substance is present?
Extensive
- Density is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Intensive physical
- Length is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Extensive physical
- Color is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Intensive physical
- Flammability is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Chemical
- Mass is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Extensive physical
- Odor is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Intensive physical
- Ductility is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Intensive physical
- Electrical conductivity is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Intensive physical
- Solubility is a(n) _______________ (chemical/extensive physical/intensive physical) property.
Intensive physical
- Which unit represents the amount of energynecessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C?
Calorie
- Which SI unit is used to express the heat content of a mole of a chemical?
Kilojoules or mole
- Which unit is used to express the energy found in food?
Calorie
- A bucket on a ladder has __________ (kinetic/potential) energy, which is the energy of __________ (motion/position).
Potential
Position
- A rolling ball has __________ (kinetic/potential) energy, which is the energy of __________ (motion/position).
Kinetic
Motion
- Fuels contain __________ (moving/stored) energy, which is __________ (kinetic/potential) energy.
Stored
Potential
- Average kinetic energy can be measured in what units?
Celsius, Fahrenheit kelvin’s
- If water is heated to 80.0°C, how many kelvins is that?
80 k
- The melting point of sodium chloride is 1,074 K. What temperature is this in degrees Celsius?
801 C
- How many protons are in an atom of sodium?
11 protons
- How many electrons are in an atom of bromine?
35 electrons
- How many electrons are in an atom of nickel?
28 electrons
- How many protons are in an atom of radon?
86 protons
- How many neutrons are in an atom of isotope potassium-40?
21 neutron
- How is the atomic number related to the number of protons in an atom?
Atomic #= # protons
.. 197. How is the mass number of an atom related to the number of neutrons?
Atomic mass = protons +neutrons
- How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in an atom of isotope copper-63?
29 protons, 29 electrons, 34 neutrons
- An atom has a mass number of 14 and 6electrons. How many protons and neutrons does it have?
6 protons 8 neutrons
- An atom has 40 electrons and 51 neutrons. What is its mass number, and how many protons does it have?
Mass # 91, 40 protons
- What does the top number in isotope notation represent?
Mass #
- What does the bottom number in isotope notation represent?
protons
- How many protons and neutrons are in 18/9 ^ F
9 protons 9 neutrons
- How many protons and neutrons are in 25/11 ^ Na
- What is the isotope notation for an atom of carbon-12?
- What is the isotope notation for an atom of chlorine-37?
- What is the name of 35/18 ^Ar
- How does an ion differ from an atom of the same element with regard to the numbers ofsubatomic particles?
- When two atoms or ions have the same number of electrons, they’re said to be __________.
- When an ion has a positive charge, how do the numbers of subatomic particles differ?
- When an ion has a negative charge, how do the numbers of subatomic particles differ?
- How many protons and electrons does 40/20 ^ Ca ^2+ have?
- How many protons and electrons does 131/53 ^ I ^1-
- How many protons and electrons does 30/13 ^ Al ^3+ have?
- How many protons and electrons does 33^ P ^3-
- What is the isotope notation for an ion of silver-109 with a charge of positive 1?
- What is the isotope notation for an ion of sulfur-34 with a charge of negative 2?
- How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in 52^ Cr^ 6+
- How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in 62^Ni^3+
- What is the name of the premise that one electron fills each orbital in a subshell until all orbitals contain one electron and then electrons are added to fill in the second available spot in the subshell?
- What rule or principle describes the order in which electrons fill orbitals?
- What is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the f orbitals?
- What is the maximum number of electrons that can be in the p orbitals?
- What is the electron configuration of carbon?
- What is the electron configuration of magnesium?
- What is the electron configuration of argon?
- What is the electron configuration of bromine?
- What is the electron configuration of zirconium?
- What is the expected electron configuration of plutonium?
- Which quantum number describes the spin of the electron?
- Which quantum number describes the average distance between the nucleus and the orbital?
- Which quantum number describes how the various orbitals are oriented in space?
- Which quantum number describes the shape of the orbital?
- What are the possible values for the spin quantum number?
- The decimal numbers in the blocks of the periodic table represent the __________.
Atomic mass
- What is the average atomic mass of lithium that is 7.59% lithium-6 (mass of 6.0151 amu) and 92.41% lithium-7 (mass of 7.0160 amu)?
- What is the average atomic mass of chlorine that is 75.78% chlorine-35 (mass of 34.96885 amu) and 24.22% chlorine-37 (mass of 36.9659 amu)?
- If the average atomic mass of boron is 10.81amu, what is the percent abundance of boron-11 (mass of 11.009306 amu) if the only other isotope is boron-10 (mass of 10.012937 amu)?
- What is the primary nuclear process that occurs in the sun?
- In which nuclear process does a nucleus split into two or more smaller elements and possibly some extra neutrons?
- What is it called when a helium nucleus is ejected from the nucleus of an atom during a nuclear reaction?
- When a 0/0 ^ y ray is a byproduct of a nuclear reaction, what nuclear process has occurred?
- What is the isotope (nuclear) notation for a particle that is produced from beta decay?
- A 0/+1 ^ e particle is a product of which nuclear reaction?
- 7/4 ^ Be + 0/-1 ^ e —> 7/3 ^ Li is an example of what type ofnuclear reaction?
- 228/92 ^ U —> 234/90 ^ Th + 4/2^He is an example of what type of nuclear reaction?
- 60/27 ^ Co —> 60/27 ^ Co + 0/0 ^ y is an example of what type of nuclear reaction?
- 32/15 ^ P —> 22/16 ^ S + 0/-1 ^e is an example of what type of nuclear reaction?
- ____ —> 230/86 ^ Rn + 4/2 ^ He
- 247/96 ^ Cm —> ____ + 4/2 ^ He
- 241/94 ^ Pu —> ___ + 241/95 ^Am
- 192/77 ^ Ir —> 192/77 ^ Ir + ____
- ___ + 0/-1 ^ e- —> 93/41 ^ Nb
- 2/1 ^H + ___ —> 4/2 ^ He + 1/0 ^ n
- 4/2 ^ He + 14/7 ^N —> ____+ 1/1 ^H
- 235/92 ^ U + 1/0 ^ n —> 134/54 ^ Xe t 100/38 ^Sr + ___
- After five half-lives, how many grams of a 400.-g radioactive sample remain undecayed?
- After three half-lives, how many grams of a 50.0-g radioactive sample have decayed?
- If 5.15 g of a radioactive sample remains undecayed after six half-lives, how many grams were in the original sample?
- A radioactive sample starts with 1.500 × 10^20 undecayed atoms. When measured again at a later date, the sample has 9.375 × 10^18 undecayed atoms. How many half-lives havepassed?
- What fraction of a sample remains undecayed after 39 hours if the half-life of the sample is 13 hours?
- Iodine-131 has a half-life of 8.02 days. If the original sample contained 25.0 g of iodine-131, how many grams have decayed after 56.14 days?
- Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28.9 years. How many grams were in the original sample if 11 g remain undecayed after 115.6years?
- In 5 minutes, a radioactive sample decays from 2.56 × 10^10 atoms to 8.00 × 10^8 atoms. How long is the isotope’s half-life?
- What fraction of a sample has decayed after 320 days if the half-life of the sample is 160days?
- If a radioactive sample decays from 2.5 kg to 0.61 g and the isotope has a half-life of 9.35 hours, how much time has passed?
- What is the symbol for the element carbon?
Co
- What is the symbol for the element chlorine?
Cl
- What is the symbol for the element aluminum?
- What is the symbol for the element cadmium?
- What is the symbol for the element copper?
- What is the symbol for the element arsenic?
- What is the symbol for the element sodium?
Na
- What is the symbol for the element potassium?
K
- What is the symbol for the element iron?
- What is the symbol for the element silver?
- What is the name of the element that has the symbol N?
Nitrogen?
- What is the name of the element that has the symbol S?
- What is the name of the element that has the symbol Br?