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BIO Unit 1 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a free radical?

A

has an unpaired electron, very reactive and destructive, neutralized by antioxidants, vitamins A,C,E,SE

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2
Q

what is a synthesis reaction?

A

building reaction, energy is put in

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3
Q

what is decomposition?

A

breakdown reaction, releases energy

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4
Q

what is a solvent?

A

the substance in which a molecule breaks apart/dissociates

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5
Q

what is a solute?

A

the substance which separates in a solvent

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6
Q

what is a solution?

A

the solute dissolved or separated in the solvent

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7
Q

what is pH?

A

percent hydrogen, separation of hydrogen and hydroxide in water

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8
Q

what does an H+ ion represent?

A

an acid

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9
Q

what does an OH- ion represent?

A

a base

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10
Q

what do buffers do?

A

help absorb change in pH

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11
Q

what are carbohydrates for?

A

energy

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12
Q

simple carbs are…

A

easily broken down

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13
Q

monosaccharides contain…

A

one sugar molecule

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14
Q

disaccharides contain…

A

two sugar molecules

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15
Q

polysaccharides contain…

A

multiple sugar molecules

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16
Q

complex carbs are…

A

more difficult for the body to break down

17
Q

what are lipids for?

A

energy storage, insulation, hormones

18
Q

saturated lipids contain…

A

the max number of possible hydrogen

19
Q

monosaturated lipids have…

A

1 carbon that is not fully saturated with hydrogen

20
Q

polyunsaturated lipids have…

A

more than one carbon not fully saturated with hydrogen

21
Q

definition of phospholipid

A

lipids with a phosphate end. phosphate end likes water, fatty acid end does not.

22
Q

definition of sterols

A

fats in a ring shape, most common is cholesterol

23
Q

what are proteins for?

A

structures

24
Q

definition of amino acids

A

basic building blocks of proteins, 20 amino acids are in the body

25
Q

definition of peptides

A

an amino acid in a protein

26
Q

definition of enzymes

A

amino acids used to control reactions

27
Q

what is DNA?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid - protein that is the genetic blueprint for every structure in the body

28
Q

what is a double helix?

A

the shape DNA is coiled in, contains sugar-phosphate backbones

29
Q

what are base pairs?

A

pairs of peptides that make up the rungs of the “ladder” in DNA

30
Q

A:T is…

A

adenine and thymine (base pair)

31
Q

G:C is…

A

guanine and cytosine (base pair)

32
Q

what is urasil?

A

similar in structure to thymine, takes the place of thymine in RNA

33
Q

what is ATP?

A

adenosine triphosphate - high energy molecule used as energy currency

BIO Unit 1 (7 decks)

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