Cell Structure

Question 1

what surrounds the outside of a cell?

Answer 1

plasma membrane

Question 2

what contains all contents inside a cell?

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

what are specialized structures inside cells called?

Answer 3

organelles

Question 4

what is the fluid portion inside cells?

Answer 4

cytosol

Question 5

what contains genetic information inside cells?

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

what are characteristics of the lipid bilayer?

Answer 6

the inside and outside are hydrophobic

Question 7

definition of selective permeability

Answer 7

unique structure allows certain substances to pass through while others cannot

Question 8

definition of passive diffusion

Answer 8

no energy required, crosses anywhere on cell membrane

Question 9

definition of passive transport

Answer 9

no energy required, must cross at a specific location

Question 10

definition of active transport

Answer 10

energy required, must cross at a specific location

Question 11

definition of identification

Answer 11

cells have markers to identify and communicate with other cells

Question 12

definition of concentration

Answer 12

the amount of a given substance in a particular volume of fluid

Question 13

definition of osmotic pressure

Answer 13

the pressure of water

Question 14

hypertonic is…

Answer 14

higher concentration

Question 15

hypotonic is…

Answer 15

lower concentration

Question 16

isotonic is…

Answer 16

same concentration

Question 17

definition of crenation

Answer 17

dried out/dehydrated cell

Question 18

definition of endocytosis

Answer 18

a cell taking something in

Question 19

definition of phagocytosis

Answer 19

a cell eating

Question 20

definition of pinocytosis

Answer 20

a cell drinking

Question 21

definition of exocytosis

Answer 21

a cell removing/excreting something

Question 22

definition of vesicles

Answer 22

a membrane surrounding a substance produced by a cell

Question 23

cytosol is made up of…

Answer 23

75-90% water + glucose, amino acids, lipids, ATP, waste

Question 24

what does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 24

provides support/structure/roadways to cells

Question 25

what are microfilaments for?

Answer 25

shape, strength, support, movement, microvilli

Question 26

what are intermediate filaments for?

Answer 26

holding organelles in place in areas with tension/stretching

Question 27

what are microtubules for?

Answer 27

cell shape, movement of organelles

Question 28

cilia, flagella and secretory vesicles are examples of what?

Answer 28

microtubules

Question 29

what do ribosomes do?

Answer 29

protein synthesis

Question 30

definition of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 30

the membrane network in a cell

Question 31

what is rough ER?

Answer 31

ER with ribosomes attached, contains secretory proteins and membranes

Question 32

what is smooth ER?

Answer 32

ER without ribosomes, fatty acid/steroid secretion

Question 33

what does the golgi apparatus do?

Answer 33

packages and modifies secretions

Question 34

what are cisternae?

Answer 34

the "pancake layers" of golgi

Question 35

what do lysosomes do?

Answer 35

contain enzymes to "lyse"

Question 36

what is autolysis?

Answer 36

lyse self

Question 37

what do peroxisomes do?

Answer 37

contain hydrogen peroxide

Question 38

what is the mitochondria for?

Answer 38

energy production (powerhouse of the cell)

Question 39

what does the nuclear envelope/membrane do?

Answer 39

surrounds the outside of the nucleus

Question 40

what do nucleoli do?

Answer 40

assemble ribosomes

Question 41

what are genes?

Answer 41

codes for a particular protein

Question 42

what are chromosomes?

Answer 42

organized forms of genetic material in cell division

Question 43

what is a genome?

Answer 43

the generic term for genetic information in a cell

Question 44

what is chromatin?

Answer 44

loosely-coiled DNA

Question 45

what are chromatids?

Answer 45

individual legs of chromosomes that pull apart in cell division