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BIO Unit 1 > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what surrounds the outside of a cell?

A

plasma membrane

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2
Q

what contains all contents inside a cell?

A

cytoplasm

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3
Q

what are specialized structures inside cells called?

A

organelles

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4
Q

what is the fluid portion inside cells?

A

cytosol

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5
Q

what contains genetic information inside cells?

A

nucleus

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6
Q

what are characteristics of the lipid bilayer?

A

the inside and outside are hydrophobic

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7
Q

definition of selective permeability

A

unique structure allows certain substances to pass through while others cannot

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8
Q

definition of passive diffusion

A

no energy required, crosses anywhere on cell membrane

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9
Q

definition of passive transport

A

no energy required, must cross at a specific location

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10
Q

definition of active transport

A

energy required, must cross at a specific location

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11
Q

definition of identification

A

cells have markers to identify and communicate with other cells

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12
Q

definition of concentration

A

the amount of a given substance in a particular volume of fluid

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13
Q

definition of osmotic pressure

A

the pressure of water

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14
Q

hypertonic is…

A

higher concentration

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15
Q

hypotonic is…

A

lower concentration

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16
Q

isotonic is…

A

same concentration

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17
Q

definition of crenation

A

dried out/dehydrated cell

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18
Q

definition of endocytosis

A

a cell taking something in

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19
Q

definition of phagocytosis

A

a cell eating

20
Q

definition of pinocytosis

A

a cell drinking

21
Q

definition of exocytosis

A

a cell removing/excreting something

22
Q

definition of vesicles

A

a membrane surrounding a substance produced by a cell

23
Q

cytosol is made up of…

A

75-90% water + glucose, amino acids, lipids, ATP, waste

24
Q

what does the cytoskeleton do?

A

provides support/structure/roadways to cells

25
Q

what are microfilaments for?

A

shape, strength, support, movement, microvilli

26
Q

what are intermediate filaments for?

A

holding organelles in place in areas with tension/stretching

27
Q

what are microtubules for?

A

cell shape, movement of organelles

28
Q

cilia, flagella and secretory vesicles are examples of what?

A

microtubules

29
Q

what do ribosomes do?

A

protein synthesis

30
Q

definition of endoplasmic reticulum

A

the membrane network in a cell

31
Q

what is rough ER?

A

ER with ribosomes attached, contains secretory proteins and membranes

32
Q

what is smooth ER?

A

ER without ribosomes, fatty acid/steroid secretion

33
Q

what does the golgi apparatus do?

A

packages and modifies secretions

34
Q

what are cisternae?

A

the “pancake layers” of golgi

35
Q

what do lysosomes do?

A

contain enzymes to “lyse”

36
Q

what is autolysis?

A

lyse self

37
Q

what do peroxisomes do?

A

contain hydrogen peroxide

38
Q

what is the mitochondria for?

A

energy production (powerhouse of the cell)

39
Q

what does the nuclear envelope/membrane do?

A

surrounds the outside of the nucleus

40
Q

what do nucleoli do?

A

assemble ribosomes

41
Q

what are genes?

A

codes for a particular protein

42
Q

what are chromosomes?

A

organized forms of genetic material in cell division

43
Q

what is a genome?

A

the generic term for genetic information in a cell

44
Q

what is chromatin?

A

loosely-coiled DNA

45
Q

what are chromatids?

A

individual legs of chromosomes that pull apart in cell division

BIO Unit 1 (7 decks)

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