Chemistry Flashcards by Adrian Lee

Q

Molecular ions

Ammonium

A

NH4 (1+)

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Q

Molecular ions

Carbonate

A

CO3 (2-)

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Q

Molecular ions

Hydroxide

A

OH (1-)

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Q

Molecular ions

Hydrogen carbonate

A

HCO3 (1-)

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Q

Molecular ions

Nitrate

A

NO3 (1-)

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Q

Molecular ions

Sulfate

A

SO4 (2-)

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Q

Quicklime

A

CaO

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Q

Slaked lime

A

Ca(OH)2

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Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Ammonium

A

Ammonia gas produced; turns red litmus blue

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Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Calcium

A

White percipitate insoluble in excess

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Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Copper (II)

A

Light blue percipitate insoluble in excess

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Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Iron (II)

A

Green percipitate insoluble in excess

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Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Iron (III)

A

Red-brown percipitate insoluble in excess

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Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Zinc (II)

A

White percipitate soluble in excess

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Q

Testing for cations using ammonia

Calcium

A

No percipitate or very slightly white ppt

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Q

Testing for cations using ammonia

Copper (II)

A

Light blue ppt, soluble in excess

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Q

Testing for cations using flame

Lithium

A

Red

Q

Testing for cations using flame

Sodium

A

Yellow

Q

Testing for cations using flame

Potassium

A

Lilac

Q

Testing for cations using flame

Copper (II)

A

Blue-green

Q

Testing for anions

Carbonate

A

Add dilute acid to see effervescence (CO2 produced)

Q

Testing for anions

Chlroide

A

Acidify with dilute nitric acid then add silver nitrate (White ppt)

Q

Testing for anions

Bormide

A

Acidify with nitric acid then add silver nitrate (Cream ppt)

Q

Testing for anions

Nitrate

A

Add sodium hydroxide then aluminium foil (ammonia gas produced)

# Testing for anions Sulfate

Acidify then add barium nitrate or barium chloride (white ppt)

# Trends in periodic table Trends in Group 1

- Density increases down the group - Melting point decreases down the group - React with water to produce metal hydroxide or hydrogen gas

# Trends in periodic table Trends in Group 7 - halogens

- When reacted with metals, produces salts - Exist as diatoms - Non-metallic - Color increases in darkness down the group - Density increases down the group - Reactivity decreases down the group

Molten lead bromide

Product at cathode: Lead Product at anode: Bromide Observations: Silvery solid at the cathode, brown gas at the anode

Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride

Product at cathode: Hydrogen Product at anode: Chloride Observations: Colourless gas at the cathode, pale yellow green gas at the anode which bleaches damp litmus paper

Acid + metal

Observation: * Effervescence * Heat evolved * Hydrogen gas formed Reaction occurring: Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen

Acid + Base

Observation: Indicator goes green Reaction occurring: Neutralisation Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

Bronze

Copper and tin

Mild steel

Iron and about 0.25% carbon

High carbon steel

Iron and up to 2.5% carbon

Brass

Copper and zinc

Stainless steel

Iron, carbon, chromium and nickel

General formula of alkanes

CnH2n+2

General formula of alkenes

CnH2n

Thermal decomposition

A process where a compound breaks down when heated. New products are formed. These are usually endothermic.

Redox reaction in catalytic converters

2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2