Chemistry Flashcards
How do atoms bond?
by gaining losing or sharing electrons to have a filled outermost energy level. (Valence shell)
Ionic bond
Force of attraction between opposing charged Ions. (Transfered or taken) Ionic bonds = metal+ nonmetal. Ionic bonds are also called metallic bonds.
Ions
An atom that has a different number of electrons than usual. Charged particles that form during chemical changes when one or more valence electrons transfer from one atom to another.
An-Ion
Negative/gained electrons
Cat-Ion
Positive/lost electrons
Covalent bonds
A force of attraction between the nuclei of atoms and electrons shared by the atoms. covalent bonds are also called molecular bonds. (Shared) Non-metal+Non-metal Metalloid+Non-metal.
Molecule
A neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
Binary compounds
A compound which is composed of 2 elements.
Law of conservation of mass/matter
In a chemical reaction no mass is lost or gained
Synthesis reaction
A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single compound.
Synthesis reactions examples
Sodium reacting with chlorine to form sodium chlorine.
Decomposition reaction
A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances.
Decomposition reaction examples
The break down of water into hydrogen and oxygen by process called electrolysis.
Single replacement reaction
a reaction in which an element takes the place of another element that is part of a compound
Single replacement reaction example
Zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chlorine and hydrogen gas.
Double replacement reaction
A reaction in which ions in two compounds switch places.
Double replacement reaction example
Sodium chloride reacting with silver fluoride to form sodium fluoride and precipitate silver chloride.
Exothermic reaction
A chemical reaction in which energy is released or removed.
Exothermic reaction examples
Energy released when the chemical of a light stick combine when the stick is cracked
Endothermic reaction
A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed.
Endothermic reaction example
Energy being absorbed by the chemicals in an instant ice pack when chemicals are combined.
Isotope
An atom that has a different number of neutrons than usual. (Almost every atom)
Do metals lose or gain electrons?
Lose
Do non metals gain or lose electrons?
Gain
Four clues of a chemical reaction
- The formation of gas bubbles. 2. The formation of a solid in a solution. 3. Color change of substance. 4. release or absorb energy of any kind.
Precipitate
The formation of a solid in a solution.
