Chemistry

Question 1

Serum _______ top tube can be used for most chemistry tests.

Answer 1

red

Question 2

Plasma - ____________ is better than oxalate, EDTA, and citrate.

Answer 2

Heparin

Question 3

What tests is Heparin (on ice) used for?

Answer 3

ammonia, blood gasses. lactic acid

Question 4

What is sodium fluoride (gray top) used for? What can it not be used for?

Answer 4

-glucose (slows glycolysis)
-NOT for BUN (inhibits urease)

Question 5

What can EDTA not be used for?

Answer 5

-Na+, K+ (EDTA contains both of these)
-Not for Ca++ since calcium is chelated in EDTA

Question 6

Acid phosphatase must be stabilized or….

Answer 6

decrease pH

Question 7

What is falsely elevated with hemolysis?

Answer 7

(KLAMP the leak!)
-K+
-LD
-Aldolase (ALD)
-Acid phosphatase (ACP)
-Mg++
-PO4

Question 8

How could increased Hemoglobin affect results?

Answer 8

-protein electrophoresis may show extra band
-increased Fe++
-bilirubin increased or decreased (depending on hemoglobin and bilirubin concentrations)

Question 9

Where does carbohydrate digestion end?

Answer 9

SI

Question 10

Glucose levels decreased approx ______ per hour in whole blood.

Answer 10

10 mg/dL (5-7%)

Question 11

Refrigerated serum glucose levels are fairly stable when refrigerated. CSF should be analysed ___________.

Answer 11

immediately

Question 12

What anticoagulant tube slows down glycolysis?

Answer 12

Sodium Fluoride (gray top)

Question 13

Ref. range for fasting serum or plasma glucose levels?

Answer 13

70-99 mg/dL

-arterial and capillary values are 2-3 mg/dL higher

Question 14

What is the relationship between CSF and serum glucose levels?

Answer 14

CSF is two-thirds (60-65%) of plasma levels

Question 15

Whole blood glucose levels are approx. ____% lower than plasma glucose.

Answer 15

15

Question 16

Point of Care Testing whole blood glucose is routinely reported as ________ glucose

Answer 16

plasma

Question 17

Where is Insulin produced (what cells)?

Answer 17

beta cells of islet of Langerhans of the pancreas

Question 18

what hormone stimulates glucose uptake by cells?

Answer 18

Insulin

Question 19

What is the source of Glucagon?

Answer 19

alpha cells of the pancreas

Question 20

What hormones stimulate glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose)?

Answer 20

-Glucagon
-T3 and T4
-Epinephrine

Question 21

Where does ACTH come from?

Answer 21

anterior pituitary

Question 22

Examples of insulin antagonists?

Answer 22

-ACTH
-Growth hormone
-Human Placental Lactogen

Question 23

What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? (glucose from non-carbohydrate sources)?

Answer 23

cortisol

Question 24

A tumor of the adrenal medulla that can cause hyperglycemia?

Answer 24

Pheochromocytoma. Increases epinephrine

Question 25

Where is cortisol produced?
Where is Epinephrine produced?

Answer 25

adrenal cortex

adrenal medulla

Question 26

What increases and decreases in diabetic acidosis?

Answer 26

-Na+ and Cl- decrease
-K+ increases
-Ketones seen in blood and urine

Question 27

What is normal fasting plasma glucose?

Answer 27

less than 100 mg/dL

diabetes is greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL

Question 28

Oral glucose tolerance test:

Normal 2-hour PG is…

Answer 28

less than 140 mg/dL

diabetes is greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL

Question 29

Normal A1c?

Answer 29

less than or equal to 5.6%

diabetes is greater than or equal to 6.5%