Chemistry Flashcards
Serum _______ top tube can be used for most chemistry tests.
red
Plasma - ____________ is better than oxalate, EDTA, and citrate.
Heparin
What tests is Heparin (on ice) used for?
ammonia, blood gasses. lactic acid
What is sodium fluoride (gray top) used for? What can it not be used for?
-glucose (slows glycolysis)
-NOT for BUN (inhibits urease)
What can EDTA not be used for?
-Na+, K+ (EDTA contains both of these)
-Not for Ca++ since calcium is chelated in EDTA
Acid phosphatase must be stabilized or….
decrease pH
What is falsely elevated with hemolysis?
(KLAMP the leak!)
-K+
-LD
-Aldolase (ALD)
-Acid phosphatase (ACP)
-Mg++
-PO4
How could increased Hemoglobin affect results?
-protein electrophoresis may show extra band
-increased Fe++
-bilirubin increased or decreased (depending on hemoglobin and bilirubin concentrations)
Where does carbohydrate digestion end?
SI
Glucose levels decreased approx ______ per hour in whole blood.
10 mg/dL (5-7%)
Refrigerated serum glucose levels are fairly stable when refrigerated. CSF should be analysed ___________.
immediately
What anticoagulant tube slows down glycolysis?
Sodium Fluoride (gray top)
Ref. range for fasting serum or plasma glucose levels?
70-99 mg/dL
-arterial and capillary values are 2-3 mg/dL higher
What is the relationship between CSF and serum glucose levels?
CSF is two-thirds (60-65%) of plasma levels
Whole blood glucose levels are approx. ____% lower than plasma glucose.
15
Point of Care Testing whole blood glucose is routinely reported as ________ glucose
plasma
Where is Insulin produced (what cells)?
beta cells of islet of Langerhans of the pancreas
what hormone stimulates glucose uptake by cells?
Insulin
What is the source of Glucagon?
alpha cells of the pancreas
What hormones stimulate glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose)?
-Glucagon
-T3 and T4
-Epinephrine
Where does ACTH come from?
anterior pituitary
Examples of insulin antagonists?
-ACTH
-Growth hormone
-Human Placental Lactogen
What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? (glucose from non-carbohydrate sources)?
cortisol
A tumor of the adrenal medulla that can cause hyperglycemia?
Pheochromocytoma. Increases epinephrine