Chemistry

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Any substance that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

What are atoms?

Answer 2

the smallest complete unit of matter

Question 3

What is a molecule?

Answer 3

a bonded combination of at least two atoms

Question 4

What are the three components of an atom?

Answer 4

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 5

What is the principle of Conservation of Mass?

Answer 5

The amount of a substance at the start of a reaction = the amount of that substance after the reaction.

Question 6

What are the three primary states of matter?

Answer 6

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 7

Describe a solid

Answer 7

Fixed volume and shape, atoms extremely close together, lowest atom movement

Question 8

Describe a liquid

Answer 8

Fixed volume, shape changes to fit container, atoms have more movement and space than solid

Question 9

Describe a gas

Answer 9

No fixed volume or shape, expands to fill whatever container it’s in, atoms have the most movement and space between them out of all states of matter

Question 10

What are the fourth and fifth states of matter?

Answer 10

Plasma (ionized gas) and non-Newtonian fluid (liquid that becomes solid under impact)

Question 11

Who created the Periodic Table?

Answer 11

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

Question 12

What is the one or two-letter abbreviation of an element’s name called?

Answer 12

its chemical symbol

Question 13

What do we call the number that indicates the number protons (and electrons)?

Answer 13

The atomic number

Question 14

What do we call the average weight of an element’s atoms?

Answer 14

The atomic mass

Question 15

What is the outer layer of electrons called: the ________ electrons

Answer 15

valence

Question 16

Where in an atom does all atomic bonding take place?

Answer 16

in the valence shell

Question 17

What are the two primary types of atomic bond that form molecules?

Answer 17

covalent and ionic bonds

Question 18

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

Answer 18

polar and nonpolar

Question 19

What is the octet rule?

Answer 19

Most atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 20

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 20

When atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 21

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 21

When one atom donates an electron to another atom to complete its valence shell; the “giver” atom becomes positive, the “receiver” becomes negative, and the two atoms bond together.

Question 22

What are Lewis Dot Structures?

Answer 22

A simple visual representation of how atoms are bonded together into molecules

Question 23

What is the difference between an acid and a base?

Answer 23

An acid likes to donate protons, a base likes to absorb protons

Question 24

Would a solution with a pH level of 1 be a strong acid or a strong base?

Answer 24

a strong acid

Question 25

Would a solution with a pH level of 7 be a strong acid or a strong base?

Answer 25

Neither. 7 is neutral on the pH scale (like water)

Question 26

Would a solution with a pH level of 14 be a strong acid or a strong base?

Answer 26

a strong base

Question 27

What quality of a solution does the pH scale measure?

Answer 27

the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution.

Question 28

What’s the relationship between the amount of protons (H+) in a solution and its number on the pH scale?

Answer 28

It’s inverted; High amounts = low pH (acid), Low amounts=high pH (base)

Question 29

What is a solvent?

Answer 29

it is the liquid ingredient in a solution

Question 30

What is a solute?

Answer 30

it is the substance added to the solution

Question 31

What is Avogadro’s Number (the mole)?

Answer 31

6.022 x 10 to the 23rd power

Question 32

How do you calculate molar mass of an atom?

Answer 32

Find the atom’s atomic mass on the periodic table. The molar mass = the atomic mass, written in grams/mole

Question 33

What’s the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

Answer 33

Figure out how many atoms of each element you have on both sides of the equation