CHEMISTRY Flashcards
what is the atomic number?
the number of protons in an atom
what is atomic mass?
the total mass of the nucleus
how to calculate atomic mass?
No. of protons + No. of neutrons
What is a core charge?
the measure of the nucleus’s pull on its valence electrons
what are electrons attracted to?
the positive charge of a nucleus
what is it called when full inner shell electrons repel the valence electrons?
shielding
what do full inner shells act as?
barriers to valence electrons
how to calculate core charge?
No. of protons in nucleus - No. of electrons in the full inner shell.
what is ionization energy?
the amount of energy required for an atom to lose valence electrons
electronegativity trend in periodic table?
increases across a period and decreases down a group
where are the most reactive elements found?
in the bottom left corner of the periodic table.
what is the atomic radius?
the distance from the atom’s nucleus to the outer edge of the electron cloud.
what is a single displacement reaction?
it is when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in an ionic compound.
what is one rule for single displacement to occur?
the metal outside the ionic compound is more reactive than the metal already in the ionic compound.
what is a precipitation reaction?
when two solutions are added together and form an insoluble “precipitate”
soluble and insoluble
soluble = can dissolve
insoluble = will not dissolve
when does a chemical reaction occur?
when the atoms of the reactants rearrange themselves into a new product
what are the requirements of collision theory?
- reactants must collide
- they must collide with the correct orientation
- they must collide with enough energy
what is the “rate of reaction”?
How many collisions are happening in a time frame, or how much product is created in a time frame?
what are factors that increase the rate of reaction?
- increase the temperature
- increase the pressure
- increase the concentration
- increase the surface area
- adding a catalyst
Define a precipitate.
A solid that settles out of solution
What are the names of all the families we have learned about?
Noble gases, Transition metals, Halogens, Alkali metals, Alkali earth metals
What is metal reactivity?
is where they easily lose electrons when they come in contact with another substance normally water or acids.
what is an ion?
an ion is a charged atom or molecule
