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Science 10 Final Exam > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Proton

A

A small, positively charged particle of matter located in the nucleus of all atoms

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2
Q

Electrons

A

A small, negatively charged particle of matter located in the shell of all atoms

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3
Q

Neutron

A

A small, neutrally charged particle of matter located in the nucleus of all atoms

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4
Q

John Dalton (1803)

A

Billiard Ball Model
- A tiny indivisible uniformly dense solid sphere

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5
Q

J.J Thomson (1904)

A

The Plum Pudding/Raisin Bun Model
-discovered electron
-Atom is a sphere of positive charge with negative embedded (electrons)

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6
Q

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

A

The Planetary Model
An atom model made of electrons orbiting a nucleus made of protons and neutrons

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7
Q

Gold Foil Experiment

A

Done by Rutherford
An experiment that concluded that an atom is mainly empty space with tiny positively charged core (nucleus)

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8
Q

Niels Bohr (1913)

A

the atom as a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons with the electrons in circular orbitals at specific distances from the nucleus

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9
Q

Erwin Schrödinger (1926)

A

The Electron Cloud/Quantum Model
-Most recent model
-An atomic model where the nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of electrons

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10
Q

The 4 families on the periodic table

A

Halogens
Noble gases
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals

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11
Q

Halogens

A

Highly reactive
The 17th Group

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12
Q

Noble Gases

A

Inert (don’t react)
The 18th group

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13
Q

Alkali Metals

A

Soft, Shiny, Reactive
The 1st Group

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14
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals

A

Shiny, Mid-Reactive
The 2nd Group

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15
Q

Difference between metals and non metals

A

Metals: natural elements, hard, shiny, opaque and dense
Non Metals: chemical substances, soft, non-shiny, transparent and brittle

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16
Q

Conductivity

A

the measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass through a material.

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17
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

Ionic compounds are compounds consisting of ions.

Two-element compounds are usually ionic when one element is a metal and the other is a non-metal.
- High melting point
- Crystalline solids
- Ionic bonds

Eg. Fe2S3
iron (lll) sulfide

18
Q

Molecular Compounds

A

Compounds that are composed of only non-metals or semi-metals with non-metals will display covalent bonding and will be classified as molecular compounds.
-Low Melting Points
-Tend to be gases or liquids
-Covalent bonds

Eg: dinitrogen trioxide

19
Q

Methane

A

CH4

20
Q

Glucose

A

C6H12O6

21
Q

Sucrose

A

C12H22O11

22
Q

Ammonium

A

NH3

23
Q

Ozone

A

O3

24
Q

Hydrogen Peroxide

A

H2O2

25
Q

Precipitate

A

a substance precipitated from a solution

26
Q

Acids

A

pH < 7.0
Litmus is red
Sour

27
Q

Bases

A

pH > 7.0
Litmus is blue
Bitter

28
Q

Indicators that test for pH

A

Phenolphthalein (pH 8.2-10.0)
Bromothymol Blue (pH 6.0-7.6)
And Litmus (pH 4.5-8.3)

29
Q

Clues of Chemical Change

A

Colour Change
Odour
Formation of gas
Precipitate
And Change of Temperature

30
Q

Clues of Physical Change

A

Change in Shape
Change in Size
Change in state of matter
Dissolving
Sometimes a Colour Change
Melting, Freezing, Boiling, Evaporation, Condensation and Sublimation

31
Q

Formation

A

A+B > AB
Two separate elements mix to form one new substance

32
Q

Decomposition

A

AB > A+B
One substance separates into two separate elements

33
Q

Single Replacement

A

A+BC > B+AC

34
Q

Double Replacement

A

AB+CD > AD+CB

35
Q

Combustion

A

CxHy+O2(g) > CO2(g)+H2O(g)

36
Q

Molar Mass (M)

A

M = m/n
(mass of a substance)/(number of moles)

the mass of a chemical compound divided by its amount-of-substance measured in moles

37
Q

Atomic Number

A

The Number of Protons in the Nucleus of an Atom

38
Q

Mass Number

A

The number of both protons and neutrons combined

39
Q

Number of electrons

A

The number of protons minus the ion charge

40
Q

Ion vs. Atom

A

Ions have an electrical charge
Atoms do not

41
Q

Prefixes for molecular compounds

A

1 = mono-
2 = di-
3 = tri-
4 = tetra-
5 = penta-
6 = hexa-
7 = hepta-
8 = octa-
9 = ennea- or nona-
10 = deca-

Science 10 Final Exam (3 decks)

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