chemistry Flashcards
What is the difference between alkalis and bases?
Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water
Describe and explain what happens to the conductivity of ionic solids when they dissolve.
Ions move freely, can conduct electricity
What is the formula when bases react with acids to neutralise them?
Base + Acid → Salt + water
When an acid is dissolved in water what ions are produced?
Hydrogen Ions
When an alkali is dissolved in water what ions are formed?
Hydroxide Ions
What type of donors are acids?
An acid is a proton donor (H+)
What type of acceptor is a base?
A base is a H+ acceptor
What type of acceptors are acids?
Acids are OH- Acceptors
What is the meaning of amphoteric?
When a substance can act as an acid and a base we call them amphoteric
What is another name for alumina?
Aluminium Oxide
In neutralisation equations, how do hydroxides and oxides show basic behaviour?
They accept proton (H+) Ions
How do antacids work?
Antacids work by neutralising the acid in the stomach
What must antacids contain?
Antacids must contain pulverised limestone (CaCO3) to their soil
What is the charge on a hydroxide ion?
-1
What is the charge on a hydrogen ion?
+1
What is a base?
A compound that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water
What is an acid?
A compound containing hydrogen that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions
What is an anode?
An electrode that has a positive charge
What is a cathode?
An electrode that is negative
What is a Ligand?
A molecule or an ion that can donate a pair of electrons to a transition metal to form a dative bond
What is the meaning of activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to take place
What is the meaning of refractory materials?
Materials that are physically and chemically stable at high temperatures
What is the meaning of calcination?
Heating to high temperature to remove free and chemically bonded water
What is alumina?
Otherwise known as aluminium oxide. This is another example of a refractory metal
What is bauxite?
Aluminium core
What is brine?
Aqueous sodium chloride
What are flocculants?
Substances that cause particles to clump and so settle out a liquid
What is sedimentation?
The process where the small solid particles settle at the bottom of a liquid
What are transition metals?
Metal elements that can be found in the d block of the periodic table
What is the haber process?
The process used to producing Ammonia
What is the contact process?
The process used for producing Sulfuric acid
what is rutile?
Rutile is titanium ore
