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Grade 9 Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass (air, water, trees)

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2
Q

What is particle theory?

A
  1. All matter is made of tiny particles
  2. Different pure substances are made up of different types of particles
  3. Particles are always in constant, random motion
  4. The particles in a substance attract each other, the amount of attraction differs depending on the distance between the particles or state of matter 5. Particles move faster when heated
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3
Q

What happens when a solid melts to a liquid?

A

When heat is added the particles vibrate faster until the particles are moving fast enough to change position

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4
Q

What happens when a liquid freezes to a solid

A

As the temp drops the particles loose energy and move slowly, eventually they settle into fixed positions

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5
Q

What happens when a liquid evaporates to a gas

A

When heated the particles move faster, eventually they have enough energy to overcome forces attracting them

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6
Q

What appends when a gas changes to a liquid

A

As the temp drops the particles loose energy and move slower eventually it comes so slow it changes into a liquid

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7
Q

What does an atom look like

A

Represented by a single sphere

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8
Q

What does a molecule look like

A

Represented by two or more spheres joined together

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9
Q

What do molecules of elements look like

A

Represented by two or more sphere of the same size and colour joined together

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10
Q

What do molecules of compounds look like

A

Represented by two or more spheres of different sizes and colours joined together

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11
Q

What is a pure substance

A

Contains only one kind of particle

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12
Q

What is emulsions

A

A type of colloid where tiny drops of liquid are in another liquid

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13
Q

What is a colloid

A

Mixture where solids or drops of liquid are suspended but they are so small they do not settle out

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14
Q

What is density

A

How much mass an object contains

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15
Q

What are physical properties

A

Description of substance made without chemically changing

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16
Q

What are chemical properties

A

How the substance chemicals reacts with another substance

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17
Q

What are quantitative properties

A

Characteristics that are measured

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18
Q

What are qualitative properties

A

Descriptions made without measurement

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19
Q

What is a physical change

A

A change in which no new substance is produced

20
Q

What is a chemical change

A

A new, chemically different substance is produced

21
Q

What is an element

A

Composed of only one type of atom

22
Q

What is a compound

A

Composed of two or more different types of atoms bonded together into molecules

23
Q

What is a non-metal

A

An element that does not have properties of a metal

24
Q

What is a metal

A

An element with metal properties

25
Q

What is a metalloid

A

Elements on the periodic table that have physical and chemical properties of both a metal and non-metal

26
Q

What are métalloïdes commonly used for

A

To make semiconductors, which are then used in computer chips

27
Q

What do subscripts in chemical formula tell us

A

It tells you how many atoms of each element are in the molecule

28
Q

How to find the neutrons of an atoms

A

Minus the atomic number by the atomic mass

29
Q

What are the parts of an atom

A

Nucleus, protons, electrons, neutrons

30
Q

Do atoms of metals like to lose or gain electrons

A

Lose

31
Q

Do atoms of non-metals like to gain or lose electrons

A

Gain

32
Q

List the properties of a metal

A

Shiny, solid at room temp, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity

33
Q

List the properties of a non-metal

A

Dull, brittle, most are gases at room temp, poor conductors of heat and electricity

34
Q

List the properties of métalloïdes

A

Solid at room temp, brittle, ability to conduct electricity but not as well as metal

35
Q

Why do families in the periodic table have similar chemical properties

A

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell so they tend to react the same with other substances

36
Q

How to calculate density + the other formulas

A

D=M/V
M=VxD
V=M/D

37
Q

What are some properties of matter

A

Texture, lustre, melting and boiling point, malleability, brittleness, ductility, solubility, viscosity, density

38
Q

What is a mixture

A

Two or more substances mixed together without chemically combing in any way

39
Q

What are solutions

A

Homogeneous components are distributed throughout but not chemically combined

40
Q

What are mechanical mixtures

A

Heterogeneous components are not distributed throughout

41
Q

Compare protons and electrons

A

Protons:
-positive charge
-part of the nucleus
-heavy
-mass is 1

Electrons:
-negative charge
-orbits around the nucleus
-light
-mass is 0

42
Q

How can you use the periodic table to determine how many shells an atom has

A

The rows or periods tell you the number of shells of electrons

43
Q

List the elements present in CaCO3

A

1 calcium
1 carbon
3 oxygen

44
Q

List the elements present in Fe2O3

A

2 iron
3 oxygen

45
Q

What is the difference between a molecule as an element and a molecule as a compound

A

A molecule as an element is 2 identical atoms that are connected example H2, a molecule that is a compound is 2 or more different elements example H2O

46
Q

Does the metal with the smallest atom react the fastest or slowest

A

Smallest metal is slowest

47
Q

Does the non-metal with the smallest atom react the fastest of slowest

A

Smallest non-metal is the fastest

Grade 9 Science (5 decks)

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