Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

☑️Chemistry Unit 1 > 📚🔥Chemistry 1.2 -basic Ideas About Atoms > Flashcards

📚🔥Chemistry 1.2 -basic Ideas About Atoms Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom?

A

A nucleus made up of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons surrounded by a shell of negativity charged electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What has the same value as the proton number?

A

The electron number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the atomic number, what has the same value as the atomic number?

A

Atomic number is the bottom number and it shows the value of protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mass number and what can it calculate?

A

The mass number is the top Number and it is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an isotope?

A

The same element which has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is a positive ion formed?

A

When an atom loses one of more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When is a negative ion formed?

A

When an atom gains one or more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an equation to show the formation of a positive ion

A

K—> K* + e-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an equation to show the formation of a negative ion

A

F + e- —> F-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the nature of alpha, beta and gamma radiation?

A 
Alpha = 2 protons and 2 electrons 
Beta= fast moving electrons
Gamma= High energy electromagnetic radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the penetrating power of alpha, beta and gamma radiation

A 
Alpha= least penetrating, stopped by a piece of paper
Beta= stopped by thin sheet of metal (0.5cm of aluminium)
Gamma= most penetrating, more than 2cm of lead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the nature of alpha, beta and gamma radiation in an electric field

A 
Alpha= attracted to negative plate
Beta= attracted to positive plate
Gamma= no effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the nature of alpha, beta and gamma radiation in a magnetic field

A 
Alpha= deflected in a certain direction 
Beta= deflected in opposite direction 
Gamma= no effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the mass and atomic number during an alpha decay equation

A 
Mass = decreases by 4
Atomic = decreases by 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the mass and atomic number during a beta decay equation

A 
Mass = unchanged
Atomic = increases by 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the mass and atomic number during electron capture?

A 
Mass= unchanged
Atomic= decreases by 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is half life?

A

The time taken for one half of all nuclei in a radioisotope to decay or the time taken for the radioactivity of a radioisotope fo fall to half of its initial value

18
Q

What are the consequences of radioactivity on living cells?

A

High energy radioactive emissions break chemical bonds in the cell molecules causing changes in the DNA resulting in mutations and the formations of cancerous cells at lower doses and death at higher doses

19
Q

Why is colbalt-60 a benefit of radioactivity

A

The high energy gamma radiation is used to kill cancer cells and prevent malignant tumors forming

20
Q

Why is Iodine 131 a benefit of radioactivity in medicine?

A

Treats patients with defective thyroid glands, it acts as a teacher to study uptake if iondine in the gland

21
Q

Why is technetium 99 a benefit of radioactivity in medicine?

A

Used as a trader to label a molecule that is taken up by the tissue to be studied

22
Q

Name another used of radioisotopes?

A

Used in radio dating

23
Q

Explain the process of radiodating

A

-living organisms absorb carbon that includes a small proportion of carbon 14, when the organism dies no more absorption of carbon 14 occurs and present carbon 14 decays, the rate of decay decreases over years and can be used to measure the age of organisms

24
Q

How is radiation used in analysis?

A

It can be used to monitor the thickness of metal strip, a radioactive source (beta emission) is mounted in one side of the metal with a detector on the other, if the amount of radiation reaching the detector increases the detector operates a mechanism for moving the rollers apart and vice versa

25
Q

What is an atomic orbital?

A

The region of space around a nucleus where there is a High probability of finding an electron of a given energy

26
Q

How many electrons does an orbital contain?

A

2, orbitals of the same type are grouped in a sub shell

27
Q

How many electrons to S orbitals contain?

A

2

28
Q

How many electrons to P orbitals contain?

A

They contain 6 orbitals

29
Q

How many electrons to D orbitals contain?

A

10 electrons

30
Q

What is the order in which you fill the orbitals?

A

1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p

31
Q

How do you draw a positive ion in a orbital box?

A

The positive ion would have lost one or more electrons so draw one or less arrows

32
Q

How do you draw a negative ion in a orbital box?

A

The orbital would have gained one or more electrons therefore draw one or more arrows

33
Q

What is the first ionisation energy? (Need to know word for word)

A

First molar ionisation is the energy required to remove one electron from each atom of an element in one mole of its gaseous atoms

34
Q

Show the equation of the first ionisation of an element

A

= X(g) —> X*(g) + e-

35
Q

Rules to determine the ionisation energy of an element based on attraction (3)

A
  • greater the charge of the nucleus the greater the attraction
  • the more filled inner shells the smaller the attraction
  • the greater the distance of the outer electron the smaller the attraction
36
Q

Why does He have a greater ionisation energy than H?

A

Because He has a greater nuclear charge in the same subshell with little extra shielding :: attraction is increased

37
Q

Why does He have a greater ionisation than lithium?

A

Because lithium’s outer electron is in a new (2s) subshell :: there is increased shielding and distance reduces attraction

38
Q

Why does Beryllium have a greater ionisation that Boron?

A

Borons outer electron is in a new subshell (2p) and :: increased shielding + increased distances reduces attraction

39
Q

Why does nitrogen have a greater ionisation energy than oxygen?

A

In oxygen the 2p4 orbital has electron-electron repulsion occurring between two paired electrons. This makes one of the electrons easier to remove as attraction is weaker

40
Q

Why does He have a greater ionisation energy then neon?

A

Because Neons outer electron has increased shielding reducing attraction from the nucleus

☑️Chemistry Unit 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions