chemistry

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in water; and has a pH of 7 and under

Question 2

Alkali

Answer 2

A soluble base; substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water or reacts with water to form hyroxide ions; has a pH of above 7

Question 3

Anion

Answer 3

A negatively charged ion

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

The smallest component of an element that contains all the properties or characteristics of that element; it is the basic building block of matter

Question 5

Atomic Number

Answer 5

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 6

Balanced Equation

Answer 6

Each side of a chemical equation has the same number of each type of atom

Question 7

Base

Answer 7

Chemical opposite of an acid; can neutralise an acid to form a salt; common bases include oxides and hydroxides or metals and ammonia, has a pH of above 7

Question 8

Cation

Answer 8

Positively charged ion

Question 9

Chemical Equation

Answer 9

Describing a reaction using chemical formula

Question 10

Chemical Formula

Answer 10

A shorthand way of showing which elements are present in a substance, and the relative numbers of it’s atoms

Question 11

Chemical Property

Answer 11

How a substance reacts with another type of substance

Question 12

Collision Theory

Answer 12

Theory used to explain rates in terms of collisions between particles

Question 13

Compound

Answer 13

A substance that is made up of more than one type of atom; the atoms are chemically joined

Question 14

Configuration

Answer 14

Arrangement e,g electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Question 15

Electron

Answer 15

Particle in the atom; located outside the nucleus with little to no mass and a negative electric charge; written as e-

Question 16

Element

Answer 16

Substance that is made up of only one type of atom

Question 17

Energy Shell

Answer 17

Space around the atomic nucleus in which electrons with a particular amount of energy exist

Question 18

Formula

Answer 18

Shorthand way of describing a chemical substance using symbols

Question 19

Group (formula)

Answer 19

Atoms that are frequently found together in an ion e.g sulfate group SO42- or hydroxide group OH-

Question 20

Group (P.T)

Answer 20

A vertical column of elements in the Periodic Table, elements in the same group have similar chemical properties

Question 21

Hydrogen Ion

Answer 21

A positively charged hydrogen ion; released when acids are added to water

Question 22

Indicator

Answer 22

Substance that changes colour depending on the pH of the solution to which it is added

Question 23

Ion

Answer 23

Atom or group of atoms that has an overall electrical charge; has lost or gained electrons and become charged

Question 24

Ionic Bonding

Answer 24

Electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions

Question 25

Lime Water

Answer 25

A solution that turns milky when carbon dioxide bubbles through it; Ca(OH)2 solution

Question 26

Mass Number

Answer 26

Number of protons PLUS neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 27

Monatomic ion

Answer 27

Ion made from just one atom e.g Na+ is monatomic (but NH4+ is not)

Question 28

Neutral

Answer 28

Having no charge

Question 29

Neutralisation

Answer 29

The process of making an acid or a base into a neutral solution

Question 30

Neutron

Answer 30

A particle found in the nucleus of atoms; has mass but no electrical charge

Question 31

Nucleon

Answer 31

Name for a particle found in the nucleus; protons and neutrons are both nucleons

Question 32

Nucleus

Answer 32

The positively charged centre of an atom that contains nearly all the mass

Question 33

Particle Theory

Answer 33

Scientific theory that states every substance consists of tiny particles

Question 34

Period

Answer 34

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Question 35

pH

Answer 35

Scale for measuring the acidity of a solution

Question 36

Product

Answer 36

A substance formed in a chemical reaction

Question 37

Proton

Answer 37

A particle found in the nucleus of atoms; has mass and positive charge

Question 38

Rate

Answer 38

The speed at which a reaction happens, speed does not mean time

Question 39

Reactant

Answer 39

Chemical that is used up in a reaction; the starting chemicals in a reaction

Question 40

Reactivity

Answer 40

Ionic compound formed when a metal or ammonia, base or carbonate reacts with an acid

Question 41

State Symbols

Answer 41

Symbols indicating whether the substance is solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g) or dissolved in water (aq)

Question 42

Symbol Equation

Answer 42

Equation using chemical formulae

Question 43

Symbol

Answer 43

Unique shorthand code for each type of element and shows the number or ratio of each in a formula

Question 44

Unreactive

Answer 44

Doesn’t react chemically or only changes very slowly

Question 45

Valence Electrons

Answer 45

Electron(s) in the outermost energy level of an atom

Question 46

Valence Shell

Answer 46

Outer shell of the atom

Question 47

Word Equation

Answer 47

A way of writing down the reactants and products of chemicals changes in words

Question 48

HCL

Answer 48

Hydrochloric Acid

Question 49

H₂SO₄

Answer 49

Sulfuric Acid

Question 50

HNO₃

Answer 50

Nitric Acid

Question 51

NaOH

Answer 51

Sodium Hydroxide

Question 52

NaHCO₃

Answer 52

Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate

Question 53

Na₂CO₃

Answer 53

Sodium Carbonate

Question 54

H2

Answer 54

Hydrogen

Question 55

CO2

Answer 55

Carbon Dioxide

Question 56

H2O

Answer 56

water

Question 57

NH3

Answer 57

Ammonia