Chemistry

Question 1

Where is it located in the atom?

Answer 1

P: nucleus
E: nucleus
N: shell

Question 2

Consequence of changing the number

Answer 2

P: changes elements
E: creates ions
N: creates isotopes

Question 3

Are they involved in chemical reactions?

Answer 3

P: no
E: yes
N: no

Question 4

How many electrons are in a neutral atom?

Answer 4

Electrons= protons

Question 5

Has Ca+2 gained or lost electrons and how many?

Answer 5

Lost two electrons

Question 6

How many electrons does Mg+2 have?

Answer 6

Mg has 12 protons which is equal to 12 electrons in a neutral atom. With a 2+ charge it loses 2 electrons making it have 10

Question 7

Will NaCl will dissolve in water?

Answer 7

Yes it forms ions and ions dissolve in water due to their charge interacting with polar ends of water

Question 8

Will Ca+2 dissolve in water?

Answer 8

Yes, ions dissolve in water due to their change interacting with polar ends of water

Question 9

Will olive oil dissolve in water?

Answer 9

No, oil is nonpolar and they don’t mix with polar

Question 10

Will sucrose dissolve in water?

Answer 10

Yes, sucrose is polar like water

Question 11

Will lard dissolve in water?

Answer 11

No lard is nonpolar

Question 12

Why is carbon able to make so many different types of molecules?

Answer 12

Carbon can make 4 bonds allowing it to make many combinations of bonds with a variety of atoms

Question 13

Why does Cl steal an electron from Na, rather than Na steal electrons from Cl?

Answer 13

The nucleus of Cl has more positive protons pulling in Na’s electron than Na has pulling on Cl’s electrons

Question 14

What is true?
A. Like dissolves like
B. Polar dissolves in nonpolar
C. Opposite attract
D. 2 positively charged ions ( like Na+ and Mg+2) will repel each other
E. Corn oil will dissolve in olive oil

Answer 14

A c d e

Question 15

What is an electrolyte solution?

Answer 15

A solution with dissolved substances like ions that can conduct electricity

Question 16

The presence of ——- in body fluids makes body fluids an electrolyte solution

Answer 16

Ions

Question 17

What 2 specific process in the body require that body fluids are electrolytes?

Answer 17

Muscle contraction and nerve cells sending signals

Question 18

What happens to protein molecules when they become denature?

Answer 18

Hydrogen bonds are broken and protein unfolds

Question 19

What 2 factors cause proteins to become denatured?

Answer 19

High temps and pH outside of the normal range for the protein

Question 20

Will oil and water form a solution?

Answer 20

No polar and nonpolar do not dissolve in each other

Question 21

2ml of vinegar and 1 cup of water
What is solvent and solute?

Answer 21

Solute is the substance that gets dissolved and the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving

Solute (least) dissolved in solvent (most)

Question 22

Is a pH 7.2 acid or basic?

Answer 22

Acid
Acid——neutral——basic

Question 23

A solution with a pH if 8 has —- hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7

Answer 23

Less

Question 24

What is the set point of pH in the body?

Answer 24

7.4

Question 25

What is the range of pH in the body?

Answer 25

7.34-7.44

Question 26

A solution with a pH of 7.34 is —- acidic than a solution with a pH of 7.5

Answer 26

More

Question 27

If a person lacked sufficient buffers in their body, would they become more acidic or more alkaline over time?

Answer 27

Acidic because we produce mostly acidic waste in cellular metabolism

Question 28

What is the difference between substrate and a reactant?

Answer 28

Reactant is what enters the chemical reaction in inorganic chemistry. In biological chemistry it is called a substrate and binds to an active site on an enzyme

Question 29

Protein

Answer 29

Amino acids

Question 30

Carbohydrates

Answer 30

Glucose

Question 31

Lipids

Answer 31

Triglycerides- fatty acids and glycerol Steroids- cholesterol

Question 32

Nucleus acids

Answer 32

Nucleotide

Question 33

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 33

Have polar phosphate head that is attracted to water and they have nonpolar fatty acid tails that causes them to attract each other

Question 34

Name storage form if carbohydrates in humans

Answer 34

Glycogen

Question 35

Name storage form of carbohydrates in plants

Answer 35

Starch

Question 36

What macromolecule is stored in your fat cells?

Answer 36

Triglycerides

Question 37

Why must our bodies make cholesterol if we don’t eat it?

Answer 37

Cholesterol is required for the synthesis of steroid hormones like estrogen, testosterone and cortisol and for the synthesis of vitamin D and bile

Question 38

Name macromolecule that acts as the energy source for all cellular work

Answer 38

ATP

Question 39

Name 2 macromolecules used in protein synthesis

Answer 39

DNA, RNA

Question 40

What is the name of the carbohydrate that is transported in your blood?

Answer 40

Glucose

Question 41

Covalent bonds

Answer 41

Electrons shared Nonpolar covalent- electrons equally shared Polar covalent- electron unequally shared

Question 42

Ionic bonds

Answer 42

Electron stolen

Question 43

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 43

Weak attractive forces

Question 44

Binding characteristic of proteins

Answer 44

Specificity- only one type of ligand can bind to a specific protein Affinity- how strongly a protein will bind Saturation- only a fraction of binding sites will be occupied at a time Competition- two or more ligands compete for one binding site

Question 45

Phosphorylation

Answer 45

Turns on protein by adding phosphate

Question 46

Allosteric modulation

Answer 46

Where ligand binds to another site on the protein other than the active site. It turns on and off the protein

Question 47

Covalent modulation

Answer 47

Phosphorlaytion of protein to turn on protein. Phosphate kinase is used to give protein phosphate and activates them. Protein phosphatase is used to remove phosphate and inactivate protein

Question 48

Genetic regulation

Answer 48

Turns on genes when needed example would be boys going through puberty