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Physiology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Where is it located in the atom?

A

P: nucleus
E: nucleus
N: shell

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2
Q

Consequence of changing the number

A

P: changes elements
E: creates ions
N: creates isotopes

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3
Q

Are they involved in chemical reactions?

A

P: no
E: yes
N: no

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4
Q

How many electrons are in a neutral atom?

A

Electrons= protons

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5
Q

Has Ca+2 gained or lost electrons and how many?

A

Lost two electrons

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6
Q

How many electrons does Mg+2 have?

A

Mg has 12 protons which is equal to 12 electrons in a neutral atom. With a 2+ charge it loses 2 electrons making it have 10

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7
Q

Will NaCl will dissolve in water?

A

Yes it forms ions and ions dissolve in water due to their charge interacting with polar ends of water

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8
Q

Will Ca+2 dissolve in water?

A

Yes, ions dissolve in water due to their change interacting with polar ends of water

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9
Q

Will olive oil dissolve in water?

A

No, oil is nonpolar and they don’t mix with polar

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10
Q

Will sucrose dissolve in water?

A

Yes, sucrose is polar like water

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11
Q

Will lard dissolve in water?

A

No lard is nonpolar

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12
Q

Why is carbon able to make so many different types of molecules?

A

Carbon can make 4 bonds allowing it to make many combinations of bonds with a variety of atoms

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13
Q

Why does Cl steal an electron from Na, rather than Na steal electrons from Cl?

A

The nucleus of Cl has more positive protons pulling in Na’s electron than Na has pulling on Cl’s electrons

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14
Q

What is true?
A. Like dissolves like
B. Polar dissolves in nonpolar
C. Opposite attract
D. 2 positively charged ions ( like Na+ and Mg+2) will repel each other
E. Corn oil will dissolve in olive oil

A

A c d e

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15
Q

What is an electrolyte solution?

A

A solution with dissolved substances like ions that can conduct electricity

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16
Q

The presence of ——- in body fluids makes body fluids an electrolyte solution

A

Ions

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17
Q

What 2 specific process in the body require that body fluids are electrolytes?

A

Muscle contraction and nerve cells sending signals

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18
Q

What happens to protein molecules when they become denature?

A

Hydrogen bonds are broken and protein unfolds

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19
Q

What 2 factors cause proteins to become denatured?

A

High temps and pH outside of the normal range for the protein

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20
Q

Will oil and water form a solution?

A

No polar and nonpolar do not dissolve in each other

21
Q

2ml of vinegar and 1 cup of water
What is solvent and solute?

A

Solute is the substance that gets dissolved and the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving

Solute (least) dissolved in solvent (most)

22
Q

Is a pH 7.2 acid or basic?

A

Acid
Acid——neutral——basic

23
Q

A solution with a pH if 8 has —- hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7

A

Less

24
Q

What is the set point of pH in the body?

A

7.4

25
Q

What is the range of pH in the body?

A

7.34-7.44

26
Q

A solution with a pH of 7.34 is —- acidic than a solution with a pH of 7.5

A

More

27
Q

If a person lacked sufficient buffers in their body, would they become more acidic or more alkaline over time?

A

Acidic because we produce mostly acidic waste in cellular metabolism

28
Q

What is the difference between substrate and a reactant?

A

Reactant is what enters the chemical reaction in inorganic chemistry. In biological chemistry it is called a substrate and binds to an active site on an enzyme

29
Q

Protein

A

Amino acids

30
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Glucose

31
Q

Lipids

A

Triglycerides- fatty acids and glycerol
Steroids- cholesterol

32
Q

Nucleus acids

A

Nucleotide

33
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Have polar phosphate head that is attracted to water and they have nonpolar fatty acid tails that causes them to attract each other

34
Q

Name storage form if carbohydrates in humans

A

Glycogen

35
Q

Name storage form of carbohydrates in plants

A

Starch

36
Q

What macromolecule is stored in your fat cells?

A

Triglycerides

37
Q

Why must our bodies make cholesterol if we don’t eat it?

A

Cholesterol is required for the synthesis of steroid hormones like estrogen, testosterone and cortisol and for the synthesis of vitamin D and bile

38
Q

Name macromolecule that acts as the energy source for all cellular work

A

ATP

39
Q

Name 2 macromolecules used in protein synthesis

A

DNA, RNA

40
Q

What is the name of the carbohydrate that is transported in your blood?

A

Glucose

41
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Electrons shared
Nonpolar covalent- electrons equally shared
Polar covalent- electron unequally shared

42
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Electron stolen

43
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak attractive forces

44
Q

Binding characteristic of proteins

A

Specificity- only one type of ligand can bind to a specific protein
Affinity- how strongly a protein will bind
Saturation- only a fraction of binding sites will be occupied at a time
Competition- two or more ligands compete for one binding site

45
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Turns on protein by adding phosphate

46
Q

Allosteric modulation

A

Where ligand binds to another site on the protein other than the active site. It turns on and off the protein

47
Q

Covalent modulation

A

Phosphorlaytion of protein to turn on protein. Phosphate kinase is used to give protein phosphate and activates them. Protein phosphatase is used to remove phosphate and inactivate protein

48
Q

Genetic regulation

A

Turns on genes when needed example would be boys going through puberty

Physiology (8 decks)

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