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Year 8 Subjects > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

Who is the creator of The Periodic Table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev is the creator of The Periodic Table.

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1
Q

What order is The Periodic Table in?

A

The Periodic Table places the elements in order according to their atomic number.

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2
Q

What is The Periodic Table made up of?

A

The Periodic Table is made up of columns and rows.

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3
Q

What are the rows of The Periodic Table called?

A

The rows of The Periodic Table are called periods.

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4
Q

What are the columns of The Periodic Table called?

A

The columns of The Periodic Table are called groups.

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5
Q

How many groups are in The Periodic Table?

A

There are 8 groups in The Periodic Table.

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6
Q

What is the number of the group equal to?

A

The number of electrons in the outer shell of the atom is equal to the number of the number of the group.

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7
Q

Name the special names of some groups.

A 
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
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8
Q

Which row contains only 2 elements and what are their names?

A

The top row of the table contains only the 2 elements hydrogen and helium.

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9
Q

What does the period of the table represent?

A

The period of the table represents the outer energy shell of the element.

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10
Q

What are the two main groups that the elements of The Periodic Table are?

A

Metals and non-metals.

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11
Q

Where are the metals and non-metals found on The Periodic Table?

A

The metals are found on the left while the non-metals are found on the right.

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12
Q

What are the physical properties of metals?

A
  1. Dense
  2. Shiny
  3. Good conductors of heat and electricity (with the exception of carbon and silicon).
  4. Malleable
  5. Ductile
  6. Sonorous
  7. Some are magnetic (cobalt, nickel, iron)
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13
Q

What does malleable mean?

A

Malleable means that a substance can be hammered into a shape without cracking.

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14
Q

What does ductile mean?

A

Ductile means it can be drawn out into a wire.

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15
Q

What are the two metals that are the exception of good conductors of electricity and heat?

A

Carbon and silicon.

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16
Q

What does sonorous mean?

A

Sonorous means that when an object is struck, it will ring.

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17
Q

What are the three metals that are magnetic?

A

Cobalt
Nickel
Iron

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18
Q

What are the physical properties of non-metals?

A
  1. Low melting points
  2. Brittle
  3. Dull
  4. Poor conductors of heat and electricity
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19
Q

What do you create when you burn a metal?

A

Metal oxide.

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20
Q

What do you get when you burn a non-metal?

A

Non-metal oxide.

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21
Q

Name some properties of metal oxides.

A
  1. Are usually solid.
  2. They form bases.
  3. All metal oxides are bases but not all bases are alkali.
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22
Q

If the base created by a metal oxide dissolves in water, what does it become?

A

Alkali.

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23
Q

Name the property of non-metal oxides.

A

Are often gases.

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24
Q

What happens when you mix a non-metal oxide with water?

A

It forms an alkali.

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25
Q

There is a rule that when most non-metal oxides are mixed with water, they form an alkali.
What is an exception?

A

Hydrogen.

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26
Q

The oxide of a semi-metal is?

A

Amphoteric (acts as both an acid and a base).

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27
Q

What is another name for the semi-metals?

A

Metalloids.

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28
Q

Where are the semi-metals found on The Periodic Table?

A

The semi-metals are found on the border between the metals and non-metals on The Periodic Table.

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29
Q

What properties does a semi-metal have?

A

They have both physical and chemical properties of both metals and non-metals.

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30
Q

Which elements are in group 1 (the alkali metals)?

A
  1. Lithium
  2. Sodium
  3. Potassium
  4. Rubidium
  5. Caesium
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31
Q

What is the atomic number of lithium?

A

3

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32
Q

What is the atomic number for sodium?

A

11

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33
Q

What is the atomic number of potassium?

A

19

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34
Q

What is the atomic number of rubidium?

A

37

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35
Q

What is the atomic number of caesium?

A

55

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36
Q

What is the symbol for lithium?

A

Li

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37
Q

What is the symbol for sodium?

A

Na

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38
Q

What is the symbol for potassium?

A

K

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39
Q

What is the symbol for rubidium?

A

Rb

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40
Q

What is the symbol for caesium?

A

Cs

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41
Q

What happens to the melting point and reactivity for the alkali metals when the atomic number increases?

A

The melting point gets lower and gets more reactive as the atomic number increases.

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42
Q

What are some properties of the alkali metals?

A
  1. Shiny
  2. Soft
  3. Low melting points
  4. Highly reactive
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43
Q

What is made when you react any of the alkali metals with water?

A

Element + water = element hydroxide + hydrogen

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44
Q

Do the alkali metals react well with non-metals?

A

Yes.

Lithium + oxygen = lithium oxide

Sodium + chlorine = sodium chloride

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45
Q

What do the compounds formed by group 1 look like?

A

They are white solids that dissolve in water to form colourless solutions.

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46
Q

What are some uses of lithium?

A
  1. Metal alloys
  2. Batteries
  3. Medicine
  4. Glass tubes
  5. Dyes
  6. Disinfectant
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47
Q

What are some uses of potassium?

A
  1. Fireworks
  2. Explosives
  3. Nutrient in soil
  4. Fertilizer
  5. Food additive
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48
Q

What are some uses of sodium?

A
  1. Food additive for taste and preservative
    a) sodium chloride
    b) sodium nitrate
    c) sodium nitrite
    d) sodium sulfite
    e) sodium hydroxide
  2. Sewage treatment
  3. Washing powder
  4. Dyeing textiles
  5. Glass
  6. Tanning leather
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49
Q

What makes a solution an alkali?

A

The OH hydroxide ion.

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50
Q

What is the special name for the Group 2 metals?

A

The Alkaline Earth Metals is the special name for the Group 2 Metals.

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51
Q

What are the elements in Group 2?

A 
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium
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52
Q

What is the symbol for beryllium?

A

Be

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53
Q

What is the symbol for magnesium?

A

Mg

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54
Q

What is the symbol for calcium?

A

Ca

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55
Q

What is the symbol for strontium?

A

Sr

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56
Q

What is the symbol for barium?

A

Ba

57
Q

What is the symbol for radium?

A

Ra

58
Q

What is the atomic number for beryllium?

A

4

59
Q

What is the atomic number for magnesium?

A

12

60
Q

What is the atomic number for calcium?

A

20

61
Q

What is the atomic number for strontium?

A

38

62
Q

What is the atomic number for barium?

A

56

63
Q

What is the atomic number for radium?

A

88

64
Q

Do the elements in Group 2 get more reactive as they go down the group?

A

Yes.

65
Q

Which group is more reactive: Group 1 or Group 2?

A

Group 1 is more reactive.

66
Q

What is the word equation when you mix one of the group 2 elements with water?

A

Element + water = element hydroxide + hydrogen

67
Q

Do group 2 metals react well with dilute acid?

A

Yes.

68
Q

What are transition metals?

A

Transition metals are typical metals.

69
Q

Where are the transition metals found on the Periodic Table?

A

The transition metals lie in between Group 2 and Group and through Period 4~6.

70
Q

What are some properties of transition metals?

A
  1. Hard and dense
  2. Have high melting points
  3. Ductile
  4. Malleable
  5. Shiny
  6. Some are magnetic
    a. Cobalt
    b. Iron
    c. Nickel
71
Q

Are transition metals reactive?

A

No, they are very low in reactivity compared to Group 1 and Group 2.

72
Q

What do transition metals form when you make a compound?

A

Transition metals form colored compounds.

73
Q

Most transition metals can form compounds with more than one formula.

A

.

74
Q

Transition metals are important catalysts in industry.

A

A catalyst speeds up a reaction but it remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction.

75
Q

Name 5 common transition metals.

A

Iron, nickel, copper, chromium and gold are common transition metals.

76
Q

What are some uses of Group 2 metals and their compounds.

A
  1. Rescue flares
  2. Fireworks
  3. Car engines
  4. Car parts
  5. Used to line furnaces
  6. Milk of magnesia
  7. Neutralizes excess stomach acid
  8. Epsom salts
  9. Teeth and bones
  10. Rat poison
  11. Barium meal
77
Q

What is the symbol for fluorine?

A

F

78
Q

What is the symbol for chlorine?

A

Cl

79
Q

What is the symbol for bromine?

A

Br

80
Q

What is the symbol for iodine?

A

I

81
Q

What is the symbol for astatine?

A

At

82
Q

What is the atomic number of fluorine?

A

9

83
Q

What is the atomic number of chlorine?

A

17

84
Q

What is the atomic number for bromine?

A

35

85
Q

What is the atomic number for iodine?

A

53

86
Q

What is the atomic number for astatine?

A

85

87
Q

What is the colour of fluorine?

A

Pale Yellow

88
Q

What is the colour of chlorine?

A

Yellow/green

89
Q

What is the colour of bromine?

A

Orange/brown

90
Q

What is the colour of iodine?

A

Grey/black

91
Q

What is the colour of astatine?

A

Black

92
Q

What is the state of matter at room temperature for fluorine?

A

Gas

93
Q

What is the state of matter at room temperature for chlorine?

A

Gas

94
Q

What is the state of matter at room temperature for bromine?

A

Liquid

95
Q

What is the state of matter at room temperature for iodine?

A

Solid

96
Q

What is the state of matter at room temperature for astatine?

A

Solid

97
Q

How many atoms are in the outer shell of halogens?

A

7

98
Q

Are halogens reactive?

A

Yes

99
Q

Why are halogens reactive?

A

They want to fill the last space to make a stable 8 electron configuration.

100
Q

What do halogens form?

A

Halogens form diatomic elements.

101
Q

What is a diatomic element?

A

A diatonic element is a two atom molecule.

102
Q

What happens as you go down the group for halogens?

A

They get darker in colour, their melting points get higher and get less reactive as you go down the group.

103
Q

Are halogens poisonous?

A

Yes

104
Q

What are the halogen compounds called?

A

Halides

Chlorine- element
Chloride- compound

105
Q

What are the six noble gases?

A 
Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Radon
106
Q

What is the symbol for helium?

A

He

107
Q

What is the symbol for neon?

A

Ne

108
Q

What is the symbol for argon?

A

Ar

109
Q

What is the symbol for krypton?

A

Kr

110
Q

What is the symbol for xenon?

A

Xe

111
Q

What is the symbol for radon?

A

Rn

112
Q

What is the atomic number of helium?

A

2

113
Q

What is the atomic number of neon?

A

10

114
Q

What is the atomic number of argon?

A

18

115
Q

What is the atomic number of krypton?

A

36

116
Q

What is the atomic number of xenon?

A

54

117
Q

What is the atomic number of radon?

A

86

118
Q

Are noble gases reactive?

A

No, they are unreactive that they will not even bond with themselves.

119
Q

What do noble gases form?

A

They form monatomic molecules.

120
Q

What are monatomic molecules?

A

One atom molecules.

121
Q

What does inert mean and which group is inert?

A

Inert means having no reactions. Noble gases are inert.

122
Q

What happens to noble gases as you go down the group?

A

Boiling points will increase as you go down the group.

The forces between the molecules get stronger as the molecules get larger.
It takes more energy to break the molecules apart so the boiling points go up.

The density will increase as you go down the group.

123
Q

Why is helium used to fill airships and balloons?

A

Helium is used to fill airships and balloons because helium is much less dense than air and provides a lift.

124
Q

Why do divers breathe a mixture of helium and oxygen?

A

Divers breathe a mixture of helium and oxygen because oxygen is needed in order to breathe and helium is inert and will not react with the lungs and will not dissolve in the blood stream.

125
Q

Why is liquid helium used in body scanners?

A

Liquid helium is used in body scanners because to see a complete picture of organs inside a body and is very useful for finding cancers and help doctors judge effect their treatment is having on tumours.

126
Q

Why is neon used in advertising signs?

A

Neon is used in advertising signs because when the gas is at low pressure, it can be made to glow if you apply a high voltage.

127
Q

Why is argon used in lightbulbs?

A

Argon is used in lightbulbs because it is non-reactive to the tungsten metal filament in the bulb. It also helps in welding and the extraction of titanium metal.

128
Q

What are some uses of halogens and their compounds?

A 
Antiseptics and disinfectants
Bleach
Hydrochloric acid
Kill bacteria in water and pools
Medicine
Pesticides and woodkillers
Photographic film
Salt (sodium chloride)
Solvents
Teflon
129
Q

What is fluorine used for?

A
  1. Toothpaste
  2. Water supplies
  3. Teflon
130
Q

What are some uses of chlorine?

A
  1. Solvents
  2. Killing bacteria in swimming pools and drinking water
  3. Antiseptics and disinfectant
  4. Pesticides and weedkillers
  5. Sodium chloride
  6. Hydrochloric acid
  7. Bleach to kill bacteria and whiten paper
131
Q

What are some uses of bromine?

A
  1. Pesticides
  2. Medicines
  3. Silver bromide in photographic film
132
Q

What are some uses of iodine?

A
  1. Antiseptic

2. Alcohol to put on cuts and wounds

133
Q

What are some uses of helium?

A
  1. Cool metals down
  2. Find cancer and help doctors to judge the effect of their treatment is having on tumours
  3. Fill airships
134
Q

What are some uses of neon?

A
  1. Advertise signs
135
Q

What are some uses of argon?

A
  1. Fill light bulbs
  2. Welding
  3. Extraction of titanium metal
  4. To pump it into the molten mixture to stir up when making steel
136
Q

What are some uses of krypton?

A
  1. Lasers on eyes for surgery
137
Q

What are some uses of radon?

A
  1. Treat cancers
138
Q

Describe exothermic reaction.

A

Energy is released into surroundings which means the change in energy is negative. The surroundings temperature goes up.

139
Q

Describe endothermic reaction.

A

Energy is absorbed from the surroundings which means the change in energy is positive. The surroundings temperature goes down.

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