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Bio Review For Exam 1 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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2
Q

All matter is made up of ______

A

Atoms

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3
Q

Atoms contain a ______

A

Nucleus with protons, and neutrons surrounded by electrons

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4
Q

Definition of atoms

A

Units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

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5
Q

An element is _____________

A

A pure form of matter containing only one kind of atom

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6
Q

What are the subatomic particles atoms are made up of?

A

Protons, electrons, neutrons

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7
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

No charge

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8
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive

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9
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

Negative

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10
Q

What particle(s) have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit?

A

Proton and neutron

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11
Q

The mass of an electron is ________

A

Negligible

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12
Q

Where are protons and neutrons located?

A

In thr nucleus

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13
Q

Where are the electrons located?

A

Orbit around the outer edge in orbitals

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14
Q

In an uncharged atom:

A

The number of electrons = the number of protons

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15
Q

How many electrons fit in the first shell?

A

Two electrons

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16
Q

The second, third, and fourth shell can have up to _______

A

8 electrons

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17
Q

The atomic number tells us what?

A

The number of proteins in the nucleus

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18
Q

The atomic mass tells us what?

A

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

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19
Q

The atomic number is:
A. The top number
B. The bottom number
C. The top and bottom number added together

A

A. The top number

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20
Q

The atomic weightmeans

A

An average of the isotopes

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21
Q

The mass number tells us

A

Round the atomic weight

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22
Q

Mass number= number of ______ + the number of ______ neutrons

A

Protons, neutrons

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23
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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24
Q

Radioisotopes are:

A

Isotopes that are unstable and become more stable by emitting energy and particles

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25
Q

Difference between radioisotopes and isotopes?

A

Isotopes are stable and radioisotopes are unstable

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26
Q 
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their number of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A. Protons
B. Electrons
C. Neutrons
D. None of the above
A

C. Neutrons

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27
Q

Carbon has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons. Its atomic number is _____

A

6

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28
Q

Carbon has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons.its atomic weight is ______

A

12

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29
Q

If an atom has 6 electrons, 6 neutrons, and 7 protons it has a charge of ______

A

+1

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30
Q

If an atom has 6 electrons, 7 neutrons, and 6 protons it has a charge of:

A

0

31
Q

When figuring out the number of neutrons you have to :

A

Subtract the atomic weight by the number of protons, always round atomic weight before

32
Q

Chemical bonds are _____

A

Unions between electron structure from different atoms

33
Q

Molecules are :_______

A

When two or more atoms join together, they can be the same element or different elements

34
Q

What is it called when different elements join the molecule

A

Compound molecule

35
Q

What is the difference between compund molecules and molecules?

A

Molecules have the same kind of atoms

Compound molecules have different kinds of atoms

36
Q

If the outer shell is full it is:

A

Non reactive

37
Q

If an atom is nonreactive it :

A

Does not form chemical bonds

38
Q

How do you know how many bonds and atom can form?

A

Depends on how many empty spots are in the outer shell

39
Q

What are the three types of chemical bonds?

A

Covalent, ionic, hydrogen

40
Q

What is the strongest type of chemical bonds?

A

Covalent

41
Q

What is covalent bond?

A

When two atoms with unpaired electrons in the outer most shell come together and share electrons, not strong enough to actually take the electron away

42
Q

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

A

Polar and nonpolar

43
Q

A single covalent bond is :

A

Sharing ond pair of electrons [one pair= 2 electrons]

44
Q

A double covalent bond is:

A

Sharing two pairs of electrons ( 4 electrons)

45
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When two atoms with unpaired electrons in the outer most shell come together and share electrons

46
Q

Non polar bonds :

A

Have the same pull on the shared electrons

47
Q

Polar bonds:

A

Atoms don’t equally share the electrons

48
Q

H2o is an example of a _______ bond

A

Polar bond

49
Q

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar bonds ?

A

Polar bonds are unequal sharing

non polar bonds equally share

50
Q

Electronegativity is :

A

The measure of the pull atoms have on shared electrons

51
Q

When a bond is made between atoms with different electronegativities it is _______

A

A polar bond

52
Q

The greater the pull the more _____

A

Electronegative

53
Q

Definition of electrophiles

A

Atoms with nuclei that have a strong pull on electrons

54
Q

Examples of electrophiles in biological molecules

A

Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur (less than oxygen or nitrogen)

55
Q

When you see carbons and hydrogens think ______

A

Non polar

56
Q

If a bond has a nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur it is ______

A

Polar

57
Q

What are hydrophilic molecules

A

Polar molecules attracted to water

58
Q

What are hydrophobic molecules

A

Nonpolar molecules that are pusged aside by water, water fearing

59
Q

Are polar molecules hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic

60
Q

What is an ion?

A

Atom that has gained or lost electrons, it no longer has a balance between protons and electrons, it is positive or negative charge

61
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

An association between ions of opposite charge

62
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge (electronegative atom such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur)

63
Q

What type of bond determines the shapes of many biological molecules including proteins and dna?

A

Hydrogen bonding

64
Q

What kind of bond refers to when atoms share electrons ?

A

Covalent

65
Q

CH4(methane) is an example of which bond?

A

Covalent

66
Q

What is the weakest kind of bond?

A

Hydrogen bond

67
Q

How many covalent bonds can nitrogen form?

A

3

68
Q

How many covalent bonds can oxygen form?

A

2

69
Q

How many covalent bonds can helium form?

A

0

70
Q

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

A

4

71
Q

How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?

A

2

72
Q

How do you find out how many neutrons there are?

A

You do the atomic mass (bottom number) minus the atomic number (top number)

73
Q

If an element has 7 electrons how many bonds can it form?

A

3 bonds

74
Q

You have information about an atom that contains 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, which of the following statements would be true?
A. It is an ion
B. It has an atomic weight of 23
C. It has an atomic number of 15
D. It has 8 electrons in the outermost shell

A

A.

Bio Review For Exam 1 (4 decks)

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