Chemistry Flashcards
What is Mass?
The amount of matter in any given object.
What is an element?
A fundamental substance that can’t be chemically changed or broken down into anything simpler.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass measures the amount of matter in an object while weight measures the force of the gravitational pull on an object.
What is energy?
The capacity to supply heat or do work.
How is Kinetic energy calculated?
E[k]=1/2mv^2
Kinetic energy = 1/2 (mass x velocity) squared
How many elements are currently known?
114
Approximately how many elements occur naturally in nature?
90
What are the rows and columns called in the periodic table called?
The rows are called periods and the columns are called groups.
How many groups are there in the periodic table and how are they numbered?
There are 18 groups in the periodic table. They are numbered 1-18 across. There is an American system as well. It numbers the groups 1A- 8A and excludes the transition metals in its numbering.
Name five the 5 alkali metals?
lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium
In what group are the alkali metals found on the periodic table?
Group 1A
Name some of the physical and chemical properties of the alkali metals.
They are soft and silvery.
They react rapidly and often violently with water.
They are never found in nature in their pure state.
Name the 6 alkaline earth metals.
Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium.
In what group are the alkaline earth metals found on the periodic table?
Group 2A
Name some of the physical and chemical properties of the alkaline earth metals.
They are lustrous and silvery metals.
They are less reactive than their neighbors in group 1A.
They are never found in nature in their pure state.
Name 4 of the Halogens.
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine.
In what group are the Halogens found on the periodic table.
Group 7A
Name some of the physical and chemical properties of the halogens.
They are colorful and corrosive nonmetals.
They are found in nature only in combination with other metals.
Name the 6 Noble Gas.
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon.
In what group are the Noble Gas on the periodic table located?
Group 8A
Name some of the physical and chemical properties of the noble gas.
They are colorless gas.
They have a very low chemical reactivity.
They combine with very few other elements.
Define Property.
Any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify matter.
What is an Intensive Property?
Intensive properties do not depend on sample size. Ex: temperature and melting point
What is an Extensive Property?
Extensive properties do depend on sample size. Ex: Length and volume
What is a Physical Property?
Physical properties are characteristics that do not involve a change in a sample’s chemical makeup.
What is a Chemical Property?
Chemical properties are characteristics that do involve a change in a sample’s chemical makeup.
What is the unit used to measure Mass and what is it’s abbreviation?
Kilogram- kg
What is the unit used to measure Length and what is it’s abbreviation?
Meter- m
What is the unit used to measure Temperature and what is it’s abbreviation?
Kelvin- K
What is the unit used to measure Amount of Substance and what is it’s abbreviation?
Mole- mol
What is the unit used to measure Time and what is it’s abbreviation?
Second- s
What is the unit used to measure Electric Current and what is it’s abbreviation?
Ampere- A
What is the unit used to measure Luminous Intensity and what is it’s abbreviation?
Candela- cd
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Deka.
10= 10^1
da
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Hecto.
100= 10^2
h
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Kilo.
1,000= 10^3
k
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Mega.
1,000,000= 10^6
M
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Giga.
1,000,000,000= 10^9
G
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Tera.
1,000,000,000,000= 10^12
T
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Deci.
0.1= 10^-1
d
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Centi.
0.01= 10^-2
c
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix milli.
0.001= 10^-3
m
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Micro.
0.000001= 10^-6
mu symbol
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Nano.
0.000000001= 10^-9
n
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Pico.
0.000000000001= 10^-12
p
Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Femto.
0.000000000000001= 10^-15
f
What is the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin?
32 Degrees Fahrenheit
0 Degrees Celsius
273 Degrees Kelvin
What is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin?
212 Degrees Fahrenheit
100 Degrees Celsius
373 Degrees Kelvin
What is the difference between the boiling and freezing points in Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin?
180 Degrees of difference in Fahrenheit
100 Degrees of difference in Celsius
100 Degrees of difference in Kelvin
What is the formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius?
C= (5 degrees Celsius / 9 degrees Fahrenheit) x (Fahrenheit- 32 degrees Fahrenheit)
What is the formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?
F= (9 degrees Fahrenheit / 5 degrees Celsius) x Celsius + 32 degrees Celsius
What is the formula for converting Celsius to Kelvin?
K= Celsius + 273.15
What is absolute zero?
The theoretical temperature at which substances possess no thermal energy. 0 Kelvin is equal to -273.15°C, or -459.67°F.
How is area calculated and was is the derived unit?
Length x Length
m^2
How is volume calculated and was is the derived unit?
Area x Length
m^3
How is density calculated and was is the derived unit?
Mass / volume
kg / m^3
How is speed calculated and was is the derived unit?
distance / time
m / s
How is acceleration calculated and was is the derived unit?
change in speed / time
m / s^2
How is force calculated and was is the derived unit?
mass x acceleration
kg x m) / s^2 (newton, N
How is pressure calculated and was is the derived unit?
force / area
kg / (m x s^2) (pascal, Pa)
How is energy calculated and was is the derived unit?
force x distance
kg x m^2) / s^2 (joule, J
How is density calculated and was is the derived unit?
Density= mass/ volume
What is energy?
The capacity to supply heat or do work.
What is Kinetic Energy?
Energy in motion.
What is Potential Energy?
Stored energy.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
What is the Law of Definite Proportions?
Different samples of a pure chemical compound always contain the same proportion of elements by mass.
What is the Law of Multiple Proportions?
Elements can combine in different ways to form different compounds, with mass ratios that are small whole-number multiple of each other.
