Chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

What is Mass?

A

The amount of matter in any given object.

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

A fundamental substance that can’t be chemically changed or broken down into anything simpler.

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2
Q

What is the difference between mass and weight?

A

Mass measures the amount of matter in an object while weight measures the force of the gravitational pull on an object.

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3
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity to supply heat or do work.

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4
Q

How is Kinetic energy calculated?

A

E[k]=1/2mv^2

Kinetic energy = 1/2 (mass x velocity) squared

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5
Q

How many elements are currently known?

A

114

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6
Q

Approximately how many elements occur naturally in nature?

A

90

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7
Q

What are the rows and columns called in the periodic table called?

A

The rows are called periods and the columns are called groups.

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8
Q

How many groups are there in the periodic table and how are they numbered?

A

There are 18 groups in the periodic table. They are numbered 1-18 across. There is an American system as well. It numbers the groups 1A- 8A and excludes the transition metals in its numbering.

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9
Q

Name five the 5 alkali metals?

A

lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium

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10
Q

In what group are the alkali metals found on the periodic table?

A

Group 1A

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11
Q

Name some of the physical and chemical properties of the alkali metals.

A

They are soft and silvery.
They react rapidly and often violently with water.
They are never found in nature in their pure state.

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12
Q

Name the 6 alkaline earth metals.

A

Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium.

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13
Q

In what group are the alkaline earth metals found on the periodic table?

A

Group 2A

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14
Q

Name some of the physical and chemical properties of the alkaline earth metals.

A

They are lustrous and silvery metals.
They are less reactive than their neighbors in group 1A.
They are never found in nature in their pure state.

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15
Q

Name 4 of the Halogens.

A

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine.

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16
Q

In what group are the Halogens found on the periodic table.

A

Group 7A

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17
Q

Name some of the physical and chemical properties of the halogens.

A

They are colorful and corrosive nonmetals.

They are found in nature only in combination with other metals.

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18
Q

Name the 6 Noble Gas.

A

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon.

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19
Q

In what group are the Noble Gas on the periodic table located?

A

Group 8A

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20
Q

Name some of the physical and chemical properties of the noble gas.

A

They are colorless gas.
They have a very low chemical reactivity.
They combine with very few other elements.

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21
Q

Define Property.

A

Any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify matter.

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22
Q

What is an Intensive Property?

A

Intensive properties do not depend on sample size. Ex: temperature and melting point

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23
Q

What is an Extensive Property?

A

Extensive properties do depend on sample size. Ex: Length and volume

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24
Q

What is a Physical Property?

A

Physical properties are characteristics that do not involve a change in a sample’s chemical makeup.

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25
Q

What is a Chemical Property?

A

Chemical properties are characteristics that do involve a change in a sample’s chemical makeup.

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26
Q

What is the unit used to measure Mass and what is it’s abbreviation?

A

Kilogram- kg

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27
Q

What is the unit used to measure Length and what is it’s abbreviation?

28
Q

What is the unit used to measure Temperature and what is it’s abbreviation?

29
Q

What is the unit used to measure Amount of Substance and what is it’s abbreviation?

30
Q

What is the unit used to measure Time and what is it’s abbreviation?

31
Q

What is the unit used to measure Electric Current and what is it’s abbreviation?

32
Q

What is the unit used to measure Luminous Intensity and what is it’s abbreviation?

A

Candela- cd

33
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Deka.

A

10= 10^1

da

34
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Hecto.

A

100= 10^2

h

35
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Kilo.

A

1,000= 10^3

k

36
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Mega.

A

1,000,000= 10^6

M

37
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Giga.

A

1,000,000,000= 10^9

G

38
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Tera.

A

1,000,000,000,000= 10^12

T

39
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Deci.

A

0.1= 10^-1

d

40
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Centi.

A

0.01= 10^-2

c

41
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix milli.

A

0.001= 10^-3

m

42
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Micro.

A

0.000001= 10^-6

mu symbol

43
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Nano.

A

0.000000001= 10^-9

n

44
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Pico.

A

0.000000000001= 10^-12

p

45
Q

Give the factor and symbol for the measurement prefix Femto.

A

0.000000000000001= 10^-15

f

46
Q

What is the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin?

A

32 Degrees Fahrenheit
0 Degrees Celsius
273 Degrees Kelvin

47
Q

What is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin?

A

212 Degrees Fahrenheit
100 Degrees Celsius
373 Degrees Kelvin

48
Q

What is the difference between the boiling and freezing points in Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin?

A

180 Degrees of difference in Fahrenheit
100 Degrees of difference in Celsius
100 Degrees of difference in Kelvin

49
Q

What is the formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius?

A

C= (5 degrees Celsius / 9 degrees Fahrenheit) x (Fahrenheit- 32 degrees Fahrenheit)

50
Q

What is the formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?

A

F= (9 degrees Fahrenheit / 5 degrees Celsius) x Celsius + 32 degrees Celsius

51
Q

What is the formula for converting Celsius to Kelvin?

A

K= Celsius + 273.15

52
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

The theoretical temperature at which substances possess no thermal energy. 0 Kelvin is equal to -273.15°C, or -459.67°F.

53
Q

How is area calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

Length x Length

m^2

54
Q

How is volume calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

Area x Length

m^3

55
Q

How is density calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

Mass / volume

kg / m^3

56
Q

How is speed calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

distance / time

m / s

57
Q

How is acceleration calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

change in speed / time

m / s^2

58
Q

How is force calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

mass x acceleration

kg x m) / s^2 (newton, N

59
Q

How is pressure calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

force / area

kg / (m x s^2) (pascal, Pa)

60
Q

How is energy calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

force x distance

kg x m^2) / s^2 (joule, J

61
Q

How is density calculated and was is the derived unit?

A

Density= mass/ volume

62
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity to supply heat or do work.

63
Q

What is Kinetic Energy?

A

Energy in motion.

64
Q

What is Potential Energy?

A

Stored energy.

65
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

66
Q

What is the Law of Definite Proportions?

A

Different samples of a pure chemical compound always contain the same proportion of elements by mass.

67
Q

What is the Law of Multiple Proportions?

A

Elements can combine in different ways to form different compounds, with mass ratios that are small whole-number multiple of each other.