chemistry 1 quiz

Question 1

element

Answer 1

simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties

Question 2

trace elements

Answer 2

present in minute amounts, but play vital roles

Question 3

minerals

Answer 3

inorganic elements extracted from soil by plant, passed up food chain to humans

Question 4

Isotopes

Answer 4

Varieties of an element that differ only in the number of neutrons & in atomic mass

Question 5

ion

Answer 5

charged particle with unequal numbers of protons and neutrons

Question 6

anion

Answer 6

particle that has a net negative charge due to gain of electrons

Question 7

cations

Answer 7

particle that has a net positive charge due to loss of electrons

Question 8

antioxidants

Answer 8

chemicals that neutralize free radicals

Question 9

free radicals

Answer 9

unstable, highly reactive particles with an unusual number of electrons

Question 10

electrolytes

Answer 10

substances that ionize in water & form solutions capable of conducting electric current

Question 11

salts

Answer 11

electrically neutral compounds of cations & anions; readily dissociate in water into ions & acts as electrolytes

Question 12

chemical bonds

Answer 12

hold atoms together within a molecule or attract 1 molecule to another

Question 13

ionic bonds

Answer 13

attraction of a cation to an anion

Question 14

covalent bonds

Answer 14

atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons

Question 15

hydrogen bond

Answer 15

weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in 1 molecule & a slightly negative oxygen/nitrogen atom into another molecule

Question 16

hydrophilic

Answer 16

substances dissolve in water; polarized/charged

Question 17

hydrophobic

Answer 17

substances DO NOT dissolve in water; non polar/neutral

Question 18

solution

Answer 18

consists of particles called the solute mixed within a more abundant substance called the solvent

(solute mixes with solvent)

Question 19

acid

Answer 19

proton donor; releases H+ ions in water

Question 20

base

Answer 20

proton acceptor; accepts H+ ions or releases OH- ions in water

Question 21

How is acidity measured?

Answer 21

by pH scale

Question 22

buffers

Answer 22

chemical solutions that resist changes in pH

Question 23

energy

Answer 23

capacity to do work

Question 24

free energy

Answer 24

potential energy available in a system to do work

Question 25

chemical reaction

Answer 25

a process in which a covalent/ ionic bond is formed/broken

Question 26

chemical equation

Answer 26

symbolizes the course of a chemical reaction

Question 27

decomposition reactions

Answer 27

large molecules break down into 2 or more smaller ones

Question 28

synthesis reaction

Answer 28

2 or more small molecules combine to form a large one

Question 29

exchange reactions

Answer 29

2 molecules exchange atoms or groups of atoms

Question 30

reversible reactions

Answer 30

can proceed in either direction under different circumstances

Question 31

reversible reactions follow the law of mass action

Question 32

equilibrium

Answer 32

reached when ratio of products to reactants is stable

Question 33

metabolism

Answer 33

all chemical reactions of the body